Additional file 1 of Frequency-Modulated Wave Dielectrophoresis of Vesicles And Cells: Periodic U-Turns at the Crossover Frequency

Eight movie clips of an elongated diatom cell manipulated like a post-it tag without contact to a microelectrode pair (Movies S1â 3), a triangular diatom cell reciprocated on a microelectrode due to AC-DEP (Movie S4), human T cell leukemia cells reciprocated on a microelectrode due to FM-DEP (Movies S5 and S6), and a multilamellar vesicle (MLV) attracted to a moving microelectrode (Movies S7 and 8). Movie S1: Rotating a diatom cell by non-contact manipulation using the combination of dipole alignment and positional change of each microelectrode (alignment operation). Movie S2: Pushing a diatom cell toward a glass wall by non-contact manipulation to fix the request cell with negative charges on the glass surface electrostatically (paste operation). Movie S3: Pulling off a diatom cell from the glass wall by non-contact manipulation (peel-off operation). Movie S4: Periodic U-turns of a diatom cell due to AC-DEPs induced by frequency jumps of applied sinusoidal electric fields. Movie S5: Periodic U-turns of leukemia cells due to FM-DEP. Movie S6: Periodic U-turns of another leukemia cell due to FM-DEP under solvent flow. Movie S7: Carrying an MLV attached to one part of the microelectrode pair moving with lower speed. Movie S8: Desorption of an MLV attached to one part of the microelectrode pair moving with higher speed. (ZIP 27000 kb)