Estimation of CO₂ Emissions in Fault Systems at a Global Scale

Dataset Description This dataset contains all geospatial variables used to model global diffuse CO₂ degassing along fault systems. The target variable consists of point‐based CO₂ flux measurements compiled for this study, while all explanatory variables were harmonized to a common 0.10° (~11 km) global grid using reprojection, resampling, or vector-to-raster conversion. Target Variable CO₂ Degassing Flow (g m⁻² d⁻¹)A compilation of diffuse soil CO₂ flux measurements from published sources.Compiled for this study. Explanatory Variables Each predictor variable originates from a publicly available global dataset and was processed to a uniform 0.10° resolution for machine-learning modeling. Bouguer Anomaly (mGal)Derived from the World Gravity Map (WGM2012) global Bouguer anomaly grid (2-arcminute resolution), describing variations in subsurface density structure.(Bonvalot et al., 2012) Heat Flow (mW/m²)Global conductive heat flow model at 0.5° resolution, representing thermal gradients and crustal heat transport.(Lucazeau, 2019) Distance to Nearest Fault (km)Computed from the GEM Global Active Faults Database, a global vector dataset of active fault traces. Converted to distance-to-line raster.(Styron & Pagani, 2020) Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA, g)Global seismic hazard model (6 km grid) representing long-term expected ground motion from earthquakes.(Johnson et al., 2023) Distance to Nearest Mineralization (km)Based on point locations of global mineral occurrences from the Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS). Converted to a distance raster.(Mason et al., 1996) Distance to Nearest Volcano (km)Distance to Holocene volcanoes from the Volcanoes of the World (v5.2.7) database.(Global Volcanism Program, 2025) Distance to Nearest Mineral Product (km)Derived from point-based mineral commodity locations in the MRDS record quality dataset.(Schweitzer, 2019) Permeability (log k m²)Polygon-based global subsurface permeability estimates from the GLHYMPS hydrogeology dataset.(Gleeson et al., 2014) Porosity (%)Polygon-based porosity estimates from GLHYMPS, converted to raster and expressed as percent.(Gleeson et al., 2014) Available Water Storage (mm/m)Soil water storage capacity derived from the Global Agro-Ecological Zones database (1 km grid).(Fischer et al., 2008) Soil pH (H₂O)Surface soil pH layer from the Harmonized World Soil Database (30 arcseconds).(FAO et al., 2012) Soil Organic Carbon (ton/ha)Global soil organic carbon stock from the HWSD (30 arcseconds).(FAO et al., 2012) Tree Cover (%)Global vegetation cover from the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (15 arcseconds).(Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, 2008) Average Annual Temperature (°C)Soil bioclimatic temperature variable (SBIO1) at 30 arcseconds, representing near-surface thermal conditions.(van den Hoogen et al., 2021)