Ultuna Long-term Soil Organic Matter Experiment, Sweden

This experiment began in 1956 at a cool temperate site in Sweden. the
soil at the site is described as a Typic Eutrochrept (Soil Survey
Staff, 1987); Eutric Cambisol (FAO 1988). The site has been in
agricultural use for at least 300 years. For some decades before the
start of the experiment the crop rotations included about 30% ley.

The land use is almost entirely cereals. Treatments: Fallow; No N;
Calcium nitrate; Ammonium sulfate; Calcium Cyanamid; Straw; Green
manure; FYM; Sewage sludge; Sawdust; Peat; Straw+Ca(NO3)2;
Sawdust+Ca(NO3)2; Peat+Ca(NO3)2.

The measurements made (data available), frequency, and methodology are
as follows:

a) Vegetation measurements made and frequency

Yield: Annually
Total above-ground dry matter: Annually
Total dry matter offtake: Annually
Carbon content of offtake: Annually
Nitrogen content of offtake: Annually
P, K, S: Annually

b) Soil sampling

Time zero soil measurements taken. Samples were taken when starting the
experiment. Sampling depth: 0-20 cm. Soil samples are kept; unfortunately
some were destroyed. Details of soil sampling method: Soil sampling: 0-20 cm. 5
subsamples. Every second year.

c) Soil measurements made and frequency

Total carbon: Every second year Method of measuring total carbon:
1956-1983: Wet combustion (Jansson & Valdman, 1961). 1984->: Dry combustion
(Strohlein Instruments) Biomass carbon: 1988,1989, 1990 Method of
measuring biomass carbon: Fumigation-incubation; Fumigation-extraction; ATP.
(Witter et al 1993) Carbon dioxide evolution: 1988, 1989, 1990 Method
of measuring carbon dioxide evolution: Fumigation. Witter et al 1993 Total
nitrogen: Every second year Method of measuring total nitrogen: Kjeldahl
Biomass nitrogen: 1988, 1989, 1990 Method of measuring biomass
nitrogen: Funigation-incubation; Funigation-extraction.

d) Details of the meteorological station

Nearest meteorological station to the site: Ultuna which is .2 km from
the site at coordinates 17deg E, 60deg N
The meteorological station is automatic.

e) Meteorological data available and frequency

Rainfall: Daily
Air temperature: Daily
Soil temperature: Daily at Daily depth
Wind speed: Daily
Net Radiation: Daily
Sun hours: Daily
Relative humidity: Daily
Potential evapotranspiration: Daily

f) Archived samples available

Archived soil samples: Every second year (some missing) dating from
1956 Archived crop samples: Every second year (some missing) dating from
1956

DATA AVAILABLE IN ELECTRONIC FORMAT

Yield data available in electronic format
Total above-ground dry matter data available in electronic format
Total dry matter offtake data available in electronic format
Nitrogen content of offtake data available in electronic format
Content of other nutrients in offtake data available in electronic
format
Total soil carbon data available in electronic format
Data available in electronic format for total soil nitrogen
Data available in electronic format for rainfall
Data available in electronic format for air temperature
Data available in electronic format for soil temperature
Data available in electronic format for wind speed
Data available in electronic format for net radiation
Data available in electronic format for sun hours
Data available in electronic format for relative humidity

This information was compiled for the GCTE-SOMNET Database, Pete
Smith, Pete Falloon, David Powlson, and Jo Smith. Soil Science
Department, IACR-Rothamsted, UK.