FEATURESOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFGEOMORPHOLOGICALPROCESSES(CREEPANDEROSION)INMOUNTAINAREAS:EVIDENCEFROMUZBEKISTAN
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MountainenvironmentsinUzbekistanarecharacterizedbyhighreliefenergy,activeneotectonics,andsharphydro‑climaticgradients,whichtogethercreatefavorableconditionsforslopedeformationandaccelerateddenudation.Thisarticlesynthesizesthespatialpatternsandcontrollingnaturalfactorsoftwokeygeomorphologicalprocesses—creep(includingslowlandslidesandperiglacialsolifluction)anderosion(sheet,rill,gully,andchannelerosion)—usingevidencefrompublishedcasestudiesandrecentremote-sensingapplicationsintheWesternTienShanandPamir–Alaysectors.Aconceptualframeworkisproposedinwhich(I)lithologyandweatheringstatesetthethresholdstrengthofhillslopes,(II)topographyandstructuraldiscontinuitiesregulatestressanddrainagepathways,and(III)hydro‑meteorologicalforcing(rainfallintensity,snowmelttiming,andgroundwaterresponse)triggersseasonalaccelerationandepisodicfailures.Thereviewhighlightsthatmosthazardousslopeeventsclusterinfoothill–mid‑mountainbeltswhereloessandcolluvialcoversoverlieweakerbedrockandwhereanthropogenicdisturbances(roadcuts,irrigationseepage,reservoirwater-levelfluctuations)amplifynaturalsusceptibility
