Physical condition of surface soil mapping highlights areas where plant growth may be impeded due to poor surface soil structure, predominantly due to a condition known as hard setting. Mapping shows
Soil samples were obtained from the prepared test field by manual sampling with a metal tube. Samples were taken inside and outside several footprints, indicated by differing sampling depths, i.e., di
The red soil pore structural characteristics at four different moisture levels, ranging from dry (8%), semi-dry (12%), semi-wet (23%) to wet (30%) conditions, were analyzed using nuclear magnetic reso
