Affective well being, language usage, and language knowledge among bilingual adolescents in Indonesia

The samples consisted of 132 Javanese, 109 Toraja, and 100 Chinese (Mage = 14.02 years). This study investigated how bilingual and bicultural adolescents use their languages and how this relates to affective well-being in Indonesia, a non-Western, multicultural context. We tested a mediation model in which language usage is linked to affective well-being directly and indirectly through vocabulary knowledge. Data consists score of PANAS, picture naming test scores on national and ethnic language, and both national and ethnic language usage.