Network Readiness, Innovation, and Human Development in APEC Nations (2019-2023)

This dataset contains balanced panel data for 18 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) nations for the period 2019-2023.The file contains the following variables, compiled from their official sources:<b>HDI (Human Development Index):</b> A geometric composite index of health (life expectancy), education (mean &amp; expected years of schooling), and living standards (GNI per capita), scaled 0-1.<i>Source: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP, 2024)</i><b>Tech (NRI Technology Pillar):</b> Measures the availability, adoption, and quality of ICT infrastructure and digital technologies (e.g., access, affordability, use).<i>Source: Portulans Institute (2024)</i><b>People (NRI People Pillar):</b> Measures individual, business, and government digital skills and usage (e.g., digital inclusion, skills, talent).<i>Source: Portulans Institute (2024)</i><b>Gov (NRI Governance Pillar):</b> Measures the regulatory, legal, and trust environment for the digital economy (e.g., policy, regulation, cybersecurity, ethics).<i>Source: Portulans Institute (2024)</i><b>Impact (NRI Impact Pillar):</b> Measures the economic, social, and environmental outcomes attributable to connectivity and digitalization.<i>Source: Portulans Institute (2024)</i><b>GII (Global Innovation Index):</b> A composite index (0-100) aggregating Inputs (Institutions; Human capital &amp; research; Infrastructure; Market &amp; Business sophistication) and Outputs (Knowledge &amp; technology; Creative outputs).<i>Source: World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO, 2024)</i><b>GDP (Gross Domestic Product per capita):</b> Provided at constant prices as a proxy for the level of economic development.<i>Source: World Bank (2024)</i><b>Trade (Trade openness):</b> The sum of total exports and imports, measured as a percentage of GDP.<i>Source: World Bank (2024)</i>