Gridded fossil CO2 emissions and related O2 combustion consistent with national inventories

Data Access Notice Please note that, at present, the data for a sample of years are provided in this data record due to Zenodo's 50GB data limit. Data for all years 1959-2024 can be accessed via the following link: https://opendap.uea.ac.uk/opendap/hyrax/greenocean/GridFED/GridFEDv2025.1/contents.html Product Description See Jones et al. (2021) for a detailed description of this dataset and the core methods used to produce it. Key details are provided below. GCP-GridFED (version 2025.1) is a gridded fossil emissions dataset that is consistent with the national CO2 emissions reported by the Global Carbon Project (GCP; https://www.globalcarbonproject.org/) in the annual editions of its Global Carbon Budget (Friedlingstein et al., 2025). GCP-GridFED provides monthly fossil CO2 emissions for the period 1959-2024 at a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1°. The gridded emissions estimates are provided separately for fossil CO2 emitted by the oxidation of oil, coal and natural gas, international bunkers, and the calcination of limestone during cement production. The dataset also includes the cement carbonation sink of CO2. Note that positive values in GridFED signify a surface-to-atmosphere CO2 flux (emissions). Negative values signify an atmosphere-to-surface flux and apply only to the cement carbonation sink. GCP-GridFED also includes gridded uncertainties in CO2 emission, incorporating differences in uncertainty across emissions sectors and countries, and gridded estimates of corresponding O2 uptake based on oxidative ratios for oil, coal and natural gas (see Jones et al., 2021). Core Methodology in Brief GCP-GridFED was produced by scaling monthly gridded emissions for the year 2010, from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR v4.3.2; Janssens-Maenhout et al., 2019), to the national annual emissions estimates compiled as part of the 2025 global carbon budget (GCP-NAE) for the years 1959-2025 (Andrew and Peters, 2025). For full details of the core methodology, see Jones et al. (2021). Changes to the Seasonality of Emissions in GCP-GridFEDv2022.2 onwards The seasonality of emissions (monthly distribution of annual emissions) for the following countries/sources is now based on the seasonality observed in the Carbon Monitor dataset (Liu et al., 2020; Dou et al., 2022): Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States. State or province-level data is used for Brazil, China, Russia, and the United States. This also applies for the Bunker Aviation and Bunker Shipping sectors. Seasonality is determined in the following ways for those countries/sources: The seasonality of emissions in 2019-2024 is taken from Carbon Monitor. The seasonality of emissions in all years prior to 2019 is assigned as the average of the seasonality from Carbon Monitor in all years excluding 2020 (due to the impact of COVID-19 on the seasonality of emissions in 2020). For all countries not listed above and all years 1959-2024, GCP-GridFED adopts the seasonality from EDGAR v4.3.2 (year 2010; Janssens-Maenhout et al., 2019) and applies a correction based on heating/cooling degree days to account for inter-annual climate variability which effects emissions in some sectors (see Jones et al., 2021). Other New Features of GCP-GridFEDv2025.1 There have been no changes to the functionality of the GridFED code in this update versus v2023.1.