Instanton gas approach to the Hubbard model

We consider a path integral formulation of the Hubbard model based on a Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation that couples the auxiliary field to the local electronic density....本研究基于将辅助场与局域电子密度相耦合的哈伯德-斯特拉顿维奇变换（Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation），对哈伯德模型（Hubbard model）进行路径积分表述（path integral formulation）……