Adjusted Hazard Ratios for Stroke between COPD Patients with or without Using the Inhaled Pharmacotherapy by Propensity Score Calibration Method.

Abbreviation: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SAMA = shorting-acting muscarinic antagonist; SABA = short-acting β-agonists; LAMA = long-acting muscarinic antagonist; LABA = long-acting β-agonists; ICS = inhaled corticosteroid; HR = hazard ratio. aA brief use of SABA or SAMA on demand for acute exacerbation is allowed. bAdjustment for patient’s age, gender, hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia and diabetes and unmeasured confounders including smoking, drinking and body mass index. Adjusted Hazard Ratios for Stroke between COPD Patients with or without Using the Inhaled Pharmacotherapy by Propensity Score Calibration Method.