Tide-surge, tide and surge simulations output of 2D DCSM-FM v7 from 1980 to 2020 at Euro platform.

This dataset includes results of hydrodynamic simulations for Euro platform, an offshore structure located in the southern North Sea that serves as a beacon for shipping and a measurement platform for the location. The results were generated with the 2D Dutch Continental Shelf Model - Flexible Mesh (DCSM, [Zijl and Groenenboom, 2019]), the successor of the version in Zijl et al. [2013,2015]. The model describes the tide-surge water level variability for the northwest European continental shelf between 15◦W to 13◦E and 43◦N to 64◦N by solving the depth-integrated shallow-water equations for hydrodynamic modeling of free-surface flows [Leendertse, 1967, Stelling, 1984]. Water level conditions are applied at the northern, western, and southern open boundaries. When modeling the tide-surge water levels, they are composed of the sum of the astronomical water levels and the surge. The tides are obtained from a harmonic expansion of 32 tidal constituents retrieved from the global ocean tide model FES2012 [Carr`ere et al., 2013] supplemented with the solar annual Sa constituent obtained from an earlier version of the model. The surge at the open boundaries is approximated by the time- and space-dependent inverse barometer correction. A smaller part of the tides is generated from the tidal potential within the model domain. When included, time- and space-varying atmospheric wind and pressure forcings are obtained from the ECMWF’s ERA5 reanalysis dataset [Hersbach et al., 2020]. In our simulations, we force the model by i) both tidal and meteorological (i.e., atmospheric wind and pressure) forcing, ii) tidal forcing only, and iii) meteorological forcing only. This enumeration also relates to the files included and described below. The files included are: i. 2D_DCSM-FM_A03_FES2014_GTSM_H1H2_1980-2020_EURPFM_complete.pkl ii. 2D_DCSM-FM_A03_FES2014_GTSM_H1H2_1980-2020_astro_EURPFM_complete.pkl iii. 2D_DCSM-FM_A03_FES2014_GTSM_H1H2_1980-2020_noTide_noTGF_EURPFM_complete.pkl References: F. Zijl and J. Groenenboom. Development of a sixth-generation model for the NW European Shelf (DCSM-FM 0.5nm). Technical report, Deltares, 2019. Available online at: https: //publications.deltares.nl/11203715_004.pdf (accessed July 18, 2022). F. Zijl, M. Verlaan, and H. Gerritsen. Improved water-level forecasting for the northwest european shelf and north sea through direct modeling of tide, surge and non-linear interaction. Ocean Dynam., 63(7):823–847, 2013. ISSN 1616-7228. doi: 10.1007/s10236-013-0624-2. F. Zijl, J. Sumihar, and M. Verlaan. Application of data assimilation for improved operational water level forecasting on the northwest European shelf and north sea. Ocean Dynam., 65(12): 1699–1716, 2015. ISSN 1616-7228. doi: 10.1007/s10236-015-0898-7. L. Carr`ere, F. Lyard, M. Cancet, A. Guillot, and L. Roblou. FES2012: A New Global Tidal Model Taking Advantage of Nearly 20 Years of Altimetry. In L. Ouwehand, editor, 20 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry, volume 710 of ESA Special Publication, page 13, Sept. 2013. H. Hersbach, B. Bell, P. Berrisford, S. Hirahara, A. Hor ́anyi, J. Mu ̃noz-Sabater, J. Nicolas, C. Peubey, R. Radu, D. Schepers, et al. The ERA5 global reanalysis. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 146(730):1999–2049, 2020. doi: 10.1002/qj.3803. J. J. Leendertse. Aspects of a Computational Model for Long-period Water-wave Propagation. Rand Corporation for the United States Air Force Project Rand, 1967. LEGOS/CNRS/CLS. Dynamic atmospheric correction, 1992. URL https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/en/data/products/auxiliary-products/dynamic-atmospheric-correction.html. G. S. Stelling. On the construction of computational methods for shallow water flow problems. PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 1984. Rijkswaterstaat Communications 35. <br>

本数据集涵盖欧洲平台（Euro platform）的水动力模拟结果。该近海结构坐落于北海南部，兼具航运航标与原位观测平台功能。模拟结果基于二维荷兰大陆架模型-柔性网格（2D Dutch Continental Shelf Model - Flexible Mesh, DCSM-FM，[Zijl和Groenenboom, 2019]）生成，该模型是Zijl等人[2013, 2015]所提出版本的迭代更新产物。
该模型通过求解自由表面流动水动力模拟所需的深度积分浅水波方程[Leendertse, 1967; Stelling, 1984]，刻画了15°W至13°E、43°N至64°N范围内西北欧大陆架的潮-增水水位变化特征。
模拟系统在北、西、南三个开边界处施加水位强迫条件。在潮-增水水位模拟中，总水位由天文潮位与风暴增水叠加得到。其中，潮汐数据源自32个潮汐分潮的调和展开结果，该展开基于全球海洋潮汐模型FES2012[Carrère等人, 2013]，并补充了从模型早期版本中提取的太阳年Sa分潮。
开边界处的风暴增水采用随时间与空间变化的倒气压校正进行近似。模型域内部的潮汐势能也会贡献部分潮汐信号。当配置随时间和空间变化的大气风场与气压强迫时，相关数据取自欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）的ERA5再分析数据集[Hersbach等人, 2020]。
本次模拟共设置三类强迫方案：i）同时施加潮汐与气象（即大气风场与气压）强迫；ii）仅施加潮汐强迫；iii）仅施加气象强迫。该分类方式同样对应下文将介绍的数据集文件。
本次数据集包含以下文件：
i. 2D_DCSM-FM_A03_FES2014_GTSM_H1H2_1980-2020_EURPFM_complete.pkl
ii. 2D_DCSM-FM_A03_FES2014_GTSM_H1H2_1980-2020_astro_EURPFM_complete.pkl
iii. 2D_DCSM-FM_A03_FES2014_GTSM_H1H2_1980-2020_noTide_noTGF_EURPFM_complete.pkl

参考文献：
F. Zijl与J. Groenenboom. 西北欧大陆架第六代模型开发（DCSM-FM 0.5nm）[R]. 技术报告, Deltares, 2019. 在线获取：https://publications.deltares.nl/11203715_004.pdf（2022年7月18日访问）.
F. Zijl, M. Verlaan, H. Gerritsen. 通过直接模拟潮汐、增水与非线性相互作用改进西北欧大陆架与北海水位预报[J]. 海洋动力学, 2013, 63(7): 823–847. ISSN 1616-7228. DOI: 10.1007/s10236-013-0624-2.
F. Zijl, J. Sumihar, M. Verlaan. 数据同化在西北欧大陆架与北海业务化水位预报改进中的应用[J]. 海洋动力学, 2015, 65(12): 1699–1716. ISSN 1616-7228. DOI: 10.1007/s10236-015-0898-7.
L. Carrère, F. Lyard, M. Cancet, A. Guillot, L. Roblou. FES2012：一款利用近20年测高数据的新型全球潮汐模型[C]//L. Ouwehand 编辑. 雷达测高术20年进展, 第710卷 ESA特刊, 第13页, 2013年9月.
H. Hersbach, B. Bell, P. Berrisford, S. Hirahara, A. Horányi, J. Muñoz-Sabater, J. Nicolas, C. Peubey, R. Radu, D. Schepers, 等. ERA5全球再分析[J]. 《皇家气象学会季刊》, 2020, 146(730): 1999–2049. DOI: 10.1002/qj.3803.
J. J. Leendertse. 长周期水波传播计算模型的若干问题[R]. 美国空军兰德项目兰德公司, 1967.
LEGOS/CNRS/CLS. 动态大气校正, 1992. 链接：https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/en/data/products/auxiliary-products/dynamic-atmospheric-correction.html.
G. S. Stelling. 浅水流问题计算方法构建研究[D]. 代尔夫特理工大学, 代尔夫特, 1984.
Rijkswaterstaat Communications 35.