Single-cell spatial transcriptome atlas and neuronal connectivity of the macaque claustrum

Claustrum coordinates diverse brain functions via extensive connectivity with many brain areas, but its molecular and cellular organization remains unclear. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of macaque claustrum cells identified many distinct cell types. Single-cell spatial transcriptomic maps revealed claustrum subregions with distinct cell type compositions. Retrograde labeling of claustrum projection neurons by dye injections bi-laterally at many cortical region showed that neurons located in distinct zones sent axon projections with ipsilateral preference to selective extra-claustrum targets, with each zone comprising different sets of glutamatergic cell types.