Recent Advances in Managing Neonatal Hyperglycemia: A Focus on Genetic Mutations and Targeted Therapies

Neonatal hyperglycemia is often induced by factors such as infection, stress, and medication, but some cases require vigilance against neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM). With the advancement of molecular genetics, traditional insulin therapy is shifting toward gene-targeted drugs. This article, based on a case of GCK c.130G>A (p.Gly44Ser) gene mutation, systematically reviews the latest progress in drug research on NDM, with a particular focus on the differential application of typing-based targeted strategies among different genotypes, and discusses the potential and challenges of novel therapies (such as glucokinase activators).