DataSheet1_Status of off-bottom mariculture in wave-exposed environments. Part 1. Global inventory of extractive species commercial farms in temperate waters.xlsx

There is currently a strong drive to expand aquaculture further offshore co-occurring with a rapid change of the conditions under which this activity will be practiced due to climate change. At the dawn of these profound changes a global review of the current status of technologies used commercially to grow extractive species in wave exposed environments can serve as a benchmark for future developments. Part 1 of this paper presents a systematic inventory of commercial farms in temperate exposed waters. The study area includes 5 regions in the northern hemisphere and 3 regions in the southern hemisphere and covers entirely or part of 48 countries and territories. The inventory is based on 80+ high resolution aquaculture lease maps, most of them available as Internet Web-GIS applications, that cover the entire study area with the exception of a few countries. Exposed sites are first identified from these maps using simple wave fetch criteria and this preselection is then validated using climatological data on wave height and power density (energy flux). The number of sites and the leased area are tallied by region, country, species group and production method. The longline is the production method used in more than 99% of the sites inventoried. Longline design and farm layout in 28 of these sites are reviewed. With a few exceptions, semi-submerged or fully submerged designs are used (in some cases they have been for more than 30 years) while the information on farm layout is patchy. A review of structural damage and loss of cultured biomass due to hydrodynamic forces in commercial and experimental farms confirms that surface and semi-submerged longlines are more vulnerable to large storms than fully-submerged designs.

当前，推动水产养殖进一步向近海扩展的趋势日益明显，而气候变化导致的养殖活动条件快速变化亦不容忽视。在这场深刻变革的初期，对当前用于在波浪暴露环境中养殖提取性物种的商业技术进行全球性综述，可为未来的发展设定基准。本文的第一部分对温带暴露水域中的商业养殖场进行了系统的清单编制。研究区域包括北半球的5个地区和南半球的3个地区，涵盖了48个国家和地区的全部或部分区域。该清单基于80余张高分辨率水产养殖租赁地图，其中大部分可作为互联网Web-GIS应用获取，覆盖了整个研究区域，除少数国家外。首先，通过简单的波浪fetch标准从这些地图中识别出暴露站点，随后使用关于波浪高度和功率密度（能量通量）的气候数据对预选结果进行验证。按照地区、国家、物种组和生产方法对站点数量和租赁面积进行汇总。在所编制的清单中，超过99%的站点采用了长线生产方式。对这些站点中的28个，对其长线设计和养殖场布局进行了审查。除少数例外，半潜式或全潜式设计被采用（在某些情况下，这些设计已使用超过30年），而关于养殖场布局的信息则零散不全。对商业和实验性养殖场中由于水动力学力导致的结构损坏和文化生物量损失进行的审查证实，表面和半潜式长线比全潜式设计更容易受到大型风暴的影响。