Reliance on Science

This dataset contains <strong>patent-to-paper citations</strong> through 2022 as well as <strong>patent-paper</strong> <strong>pairs </strong>(through 2021). <em>If you use the data, please cite </em>these two articles: <strong>1. M. Marx &amp; A. Fuegi, "Reliance on Science by Inventors: Hybrid Extraction of In-text Patent-to-Article Citations." </strong> <em>forthcoming in Journal of Economics and Management Strategy. </em>(http://doi.org/10.1111/jems.12455) <strong>2. M. Marx, &amp; A. Fuegi, "Reliance on Science: Worldwide Front-Page Patent Citations to Scientific Articles" (2020), <em>Strategic Management Journal 41(9):1572-1594</em>. (</strong>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/smj.3145<strong>) </strong> The datafile containing the citations is <strong>_pcs_oa.csv. </strong> Each citation has the applicant/examiner flag, confidence score (1-10), whether the reference was a) only on the front page, b) only in the body text, or c) in both, and an indicator for a self-citation (i.e., one of the authors is an inventor on the patent). There are two "shorthand" files, <strong>_pcs_countsbypatent.csv</strong> and <strong>_pcs_countsbypaper.csv</strong>, which collapse these to the paper and patent level by citation type. The datafile containing the patent-paper pairs (PPPs) is <strong>_patent_paper_pairs.tsv</strong>. These are USPTO only, through 2021. Each PPP has a confidence score and the count of days between the publication of the paper and the filing of the patent. (If the patent is a continuation of another patent, the filing date of the original patent is used.) Also, when a paper is paired with multiple patents, an indicator variable reports whether those patents are continuations or otherwise identical. The remaining files redistribute some of the end-2022 edition of OpenAlex. To retrieve additional OpenAlex files or fields, please visit openalex.com. (This release replaces files from the Microsoft Academic Graph, which was retired on 12/20/2021.) The above is documented in greater detail in <strong>__reliance_on_science.pdf.</strong> These data are provided under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial license. Please contact us regarding commercial use. Questions &amp; feedback to [e-mail]<em>.</em> <strong><em>This work is sponsored by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation grant #G-2021-16822.</em></strong>