Data and code supporting the analyses presented in the manuscript:"Microbial responses to temperature change mediated by nutrient enrichment"

As climate change unfolds, understanding of the mechanisms in community reorganization and predicting species distribution are challenging due to various species responses to warming. Here, we assessed thermal responses of aquatic bacterial communities in 167 natural stream biofilms and 480 field aquatic microcosms on subtropical and temperate mountainsides with contrasting climates, and further examined the joint effects of temperature and nutrients on the thermal responses. Bacterial species showed consistent responses to temperature change within each climate zone in streams or microcosms. The magnitude of positive thermal responses increased with lower ribosomal RNA gene operon (rrn) copy numbers, while the magnitude of negative thermal responses showed decreased trends. In the two contrasting climate zones, the community-level thermal responses of bacteria showed consistently increasing trends towards high temperatures in streams or microcosms. Bacterial phyla and classes with diverse species thermal responses showed greater sensitivity of thermal responses to warming. Unexpectedly, bacterial thermal responses were more sensitive to warming at higher nutrients in the subtropical wet climate zone, but were more sensitive to warming at lower nutrients in the temperate arid climate zone. The divergence is explained by the fact that nutrients showed stronger effects on thermal responses in the temperate arid than subtropical wet climate zones, while temperature was dominant in both climate zones. This is true in either streams or microcosms. Our findings provide a novel understanding of aquatic microbial biodiversity responses to global change.