Summary of published studies by income group, as per World Bank classification [5]–[30].

S: smear test alone, C: culture test alone, SC: combined smear and culture test; ZN: Ziehl-Neelsen, FM: fluorescence microscopy, LED: light-emitting diode, LJ: Lowenstein-Jensen, MGIT: Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube, HLJ: Homemade Löwenstein-Jensen, CLJ: Commercially Löwenstein-Jensen, MMGIT: Manually Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube, AMGIT: Automated Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube, FIND: Foundation of innovative New Diagnostics, BD: Becton Dickinson. aFor studies with detailed information on diagnostic tests, we listed their specific type; otherwise, it’s not available.