Data from: Combining experimental evolution and genomics to understand how seed beetles adapt to a marginal host plant

Genes that affect adaptive traits have been identified, but our knowledge
of the genetic basis of adaptation in a more general sense (across
multiple traits) remains limited. We combined population-genomic analyses
of evolve and resequence experiments, genome-wide association mapping of
performance traits, and analyses of gene expression to fill this knowledge
gap, and shed light on the genomics of adaptation to a marginal host
(lentil) by the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. Using
population-genomic approaches, we detected modest parallelism in allele
frequency change across replicate lines during adaptation to lentil.
Mapping populations derived from each lentil-adapted line revealed a
polygenic basis for two host-specific performance traits (weight and
development time), which had low to modest heritabilities. We found less
evidence of parallelism in genotype-phenotype associations across these
lines than in allele frequency changes during the experiments.
Differential gene expression caused by differences in recent evolutionary
history exceeded that caused by immediate rearing host. Together, the
three genomic data sets suggest that genes affecting traits other than
weight and development time are likely to be the main causes of parallel
evolution, and that detoxification genes (especially cytochrome P450s and
beta-glucosidase) could be especially important for colonization of lentil
by C. maculatus.