Advancements in research about nerve regeneration following subarachnoid hemorrhage

Neural regeneration following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is critical for improving the prognosis of patients. However, it is constrained by the pathological microenvironment.; By elucidating the intrinsic molecular and cellular basis of neural regeneration after SAH, including the fate regulation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs), the balance of axonal regeneration inhibition and promotion signals, and the dynamic remodeling of glial cells and extracellular matrix; at the same time, the multidimensional treatment strategies targeting these mechanisms are summarized. These strategies cover targeted drugs, stem cell transplantation, biomaterial scaffolds and intelligent delivery systems,with attention to the synergistic potential of multimodal combined treatment; the current research has shifted from a single target to the overall regulation of the microenvironment, but the precise reconstruction of functional neural circuits still faces great challenges. Future breakthroughs will depend on the integration of multiple disciplines, such as the use of spatiotemporal omics to analyze the spatiotemporal map of nerve regeneration combined with intelligent biomaterials and gene editing technology to promote the clinical transformation of individualized nerve repair programs.