Data and Code for: High-Frequency Oscillations in Hydrothermal Plumes Reveal Shallow Permeability Structure at the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge

Overview This dataset provides the underlying high-resolution video clips, processing programs, and intermediate results for the study of hydrothermal plume dynamics at the Longqi-1 vent field on the Southwest Indian Ridge. By employing Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and spectral analysis of near-field oscillations, this study characterizes the fluid dynamic response to shallow crustal permeability architecture. The high-frequency oscillation signatures (0.3–1.4 s) identified in Zone S serve as a proxy for identifying mineral-clogged stockwork systems in ultraslow-spreading ridge hydrothermal settings. Contents The repository is organized into three main components: Video.zip: Contains stabilized, high-definition video segments (10–30 s duration) of five representative hydrothermal plumes (DFF12, DFF6, DFF3_1, DFF3_2, and DFF20). These clips were acquired by the HOV Shenhai Yongshi and served as the raw input for the hydrodynamic and spectral analysis. Program.zip: Contains the core custom Python/Matlab scripts developed for this study. Key modules include: Image Preprocessing: Flat-field correction and CLAHE texture enhancement for deep-sea environments. LOS Correction: The core algorithm for reconstructing 3D centerline velocities from 2D optical line-of-sight averages. Spectral Analysis: Implementation of Welch’s method for row-wise spectrograms and height-aggregated power spectra. Result.zip: Contains processed data in standard NumPy compressed format (.npz), including: Fine-scale displacement fields from the multi-pass PIV analysis. Time-averaged velocity structures (horizontal and vertical components) for both close-up and distant views. LOS-corrected velocity fields and vertical flux time-series used for interpreting the frequency response of the subsurface plumbing system. Usage Data files (.npz) can be loaded using standard NumPy libraries in Python. For detailed descriptions of the processing pipeline, parameter settings (such as px_per_m), and result structures, please refer to the README.md files included within each respective archive. Citation If you use this dataset or the associated code in your research, please cite the original article: "High-Frequency Oscillations in Hydrothermal Plumes Reveal Shallow Permeability Structure at the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge" (Published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems).