Mononuclear phagocytes locally specify and adapt their phenotype in the inflamed central nervous system, blood monocyte and brain microglia expression data

We introduce an in vivo imaging approach that allows us to temporally and spatially resolve the evolution of iNOS and Arginase-positive phagocyte phenotypes in a murine MS model. We show that the polarization of individual phagocytes is established after CNS entry, is dependent on the CNS compartment and can be adapted as inflammatory lesions move from expansion to resolution. Our study thus provides a first real-time analysis of phagocyte specification in the intact CNS.