juliensimon/spacecraft-database

---
license: cc0-1.0
pretty_name: "Spacecraft Database"
language:
- en
description: >-
Comprehensive database of spacecraft sourced from Wikidata.
8,840 spacecraft including satellites, probes, and space stations,
with launch dates, operators, manufacturers, and orbital parameters.
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
task_categories:
- tabular-classification
tags:
- space
- spacecraft
- satellites
- wikidata
- open-data
- tabular-data
- parquet
configs:
- config_name: default
default: true
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/spacecraft.parquet
---

# Spacecraft Database

*Part of the [Orbital Mechanics Datasets](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/orbital-mechanics-datasets-69c24caca4ab3934c9856994) collection on Hugging Face.*

Comprehensive database of **8,840** spacecraft — satellites, probes, space stations, and more — sourced from [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/).

## Dataset description

From the earliest Sputnik satellites to modern mega-constellations and deep space probes, this dataset catalogs spacecraft across the entire history of the Space Age. Each record includes launch and decommission dates, operating agency, manufacturer, orbital regime, mass, and associated mission where available.

The dataset draws on Wikidata's structured knowledge base using the spacecraft class (Q40218) and all its subclasses. It is maintained by the WikiProject Spaceflight community and updated as new spacecraft are launched and documented.

Records span from **1957-10-04** to **2039-01-01**, with **7,373** spacecraft having a known launch date and **1,799** with a recorded mass.

## Schema

| Column | Type | Description |
|--------|------|-------------|
| `wikidata_id` | string | Wikidata entity ID (e.g. Q48371) |
| `name` | string | Spacecraft name |
| `launch_date` | string | Launch date (YYYY-MM-DD) |
| `decommissioned_date` | string | Decommissioning date (YYYY-MM-DD) |
| `operator` | string | Operating agency or organization |
| `manufacturer` | string | Manufacturer name |
| `orbit_type` | string | Orbital regime (e.g. LEO, GEO, heliocentric) |
| `mass_kg` | float | Spacecraft mass in kilograms |
| `mission` | string | Associated mission name |
| `launch_year` | int | Launch year (derived from launch_date) |

## Quick stats

- **8,840** total spacecraft in the database
- **7,373** spacecraft with a known launch date
- **1,799** spacecraft with a recorded mass
- **462** distinct operators
- **27** distinct orbital regimes
- Date range: 1957-10-04 to 2039-01-01
- Top operators: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (281), United States Air Force (155), Roscosmos State Corporation (126), Indian Space Research Organisation (115), European Space Agency (92)
- Top orbital regimes: geostationary orbit (597), low Earth orbit (395), Sun-synchronous orbit (242), medium Earth orbit (69), geosynchronous orbit (35)

## Usage

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/spacecraft-database", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# Spacecraft by operator
print(df["operator"].value_counts().head(10))

# Spacecraft by orbital regime
print(df["orbit_type"].value_counts().head(10))

# Spacecraft launched per year
print(df["launch_year"].value_counts().sort_index())

# Heaviest spacecraft
heaviest = df.nlargest(10, "mass_kg")[["name", "operator", "mass_kg", "orbit_type"]]
print(heaviest)

# Still operational (no decommission date)
operational = df[df["decommissioned_date"].isna() & df["launch_date"].notna()]
print(f"{len(operational):,} spacecraft with no recorded decommission date")
```

## Data source

[Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/) SPARQL endpoint. Spacecraft identified via
property P31 (instance of) = Q40218 (spacecraft) and all subclasses via P279*.
Data is community-curated by [WikiProject Spaceflight](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Spaceflight).

## Update schedule

Quarterly (January, April, July, October).

## Related datasets

- [space-missions](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/space-missions) -- Space missions database
- [satcat](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/satcat) -- Satellite catalog (SATCAT)
- [launch-vehicles](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/launch-vehicles) -- Launch vehicle catalog

## Pipeline

Source code: [juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets)

## Support

If you find this dataset useful, please give it a ❤️ on the [dataset page](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/spacecraft-database) and share feedback in the Community tab! Also consider giving a ⭐️ to the [space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets) repo.

## Citation

```bibtex
@dataset{spacecraft_database,
author = {Simon, Julien},
title = {Spacecraft Database},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Hugging Face},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/spacecraft-database},
note = {Sourced from Wikidata (CC0)}
}
```

## License

[CC0-1.0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) (Wikidata content is public domain)

license: cc0-1.0
pretty_name: "航天器数据库"
language:
- en
description: >-
本数据集为源自维基数据（Wikidata）的航天器综合数据库，包含8840条航天器记录，涵盖卫星、探测器及空间站等类型，记录内容包含发射日期、运营方、制造商与轨道参数。
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
task_categories:
- tabular-classification
tags:
- space
- spacecraft
- satellites
- wikidata
- open-data
- tabular-data
- parquet
configs:
- config_name: default
default: true
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/spacecraft.parquet

# 航天器数据库

* 本数据集隶属于Hugging Face平台上的[轨道力学数据集合集](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/orbital-mechanics-datasets-69c24caca4ab3934c9856994)。

本数据集包含源自[维基数据](https://www.wikidata.org/)的共计**8840**条航天器记录，涵盖卫星、探测器、空间站等各类航天器。

## 数据集说明

从人类首颗人造卫星斯普特尼克号到当代巨型星座与深空探测器，本数据集完整收录了航天时代全历史中的各类航天器。每条记录均包含发射与退役日期、运营机构、制造商、轨道类型、航天器质量以及相关任务信息（如可获取）。

本数据集基于维基数据的结构化知识库构建，以航天器类（Q40218）及其所有子类为识别依据，由维基航天项目（WikiProject Spaceflight）社区维护，并会随着新航天器发射并被记录后定期更新。

数据集覆盖的时间范围为**1957-10-04**至**2039-01-01**，其中**7373**条记录拥有已知发射日期，**1799**条记录包含已记录的航天器质量。

## 数据架构

| 列名 | 数据类型 | 描述 |
|--------|------|-------------|
| `wikidata_id` | 字符串 | 维基数据实体ID（例如Q48371） |
| `name` | 字符串 | 航天器名称 |
| `launch_date` | 字符串 | 发射日期（格式为YYYY-MM-DD） |
| `decommissioned_date` | 字符串 | 退役日期（格式为YYYY-MM-DD） |
| `operator` | 字符串 | 运营机构或组织 |
| `manufacturer` | 字符串 | 制造商名称 |
| `orbit_type` | 字符串 | 轨道类型（例如LEO、GEO、日心轨道） |
| `mass_kg` | 浮点数 | 航天器质量，单位为千克 |
| `mission` | 字符串 | 关联任务名称 |
| `launch_year` | 整数 | 发射年份（由launch_date字段推导得出） |

## 快速统计

- **8840**：数据库内总计8840条航天器记录
- **7373**：7373条记录拥有已知发射日期
- **1799**：1799条记录包含已记录的航天器质量
- **462**：462家不同的运营机构
- **27**：27种不同的轨道类型
- 时间覆盖范围：1957年10月4日至2039年1月1日
- 运营机构TOP5：美国国家航空航天局（281条）、美国空军（155条）、俄罗斯国家航天集团（126条）、印度空间研究组织（115条）、欧洲空间局（92条）
- 轨道类型TOP5：地球静止轨道（597条）、近地轨道（395条）、太阳同步轨道（242条）、中地球轨道（69条）、地球同步轨道（35条）

## 使用方法

python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/spacecraft-database", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# 按运营方统计航天器数量
print(df["operator"].value_counts().head(10))

# 按轨道类型统计航天器数量
print(df["orbit_type"].value_counts().head(10))

# 按年份统计航天器发射数量
print(df["launch_year"].value_counts().sort_index())

# 最重的10艘航天器
heaviest = df.nlargest(10, "mass_kg")[["name", "operator", "mass_kg", "orbit_type"]]
print(heaviest)

# 仍在运营的航天器（无退役日期记录）
operational = df[df["decommissioned_date"].isna() & df["launch_date"].notna()]
print(f"{len(operational):,} 艘航天器未记录退役日期")

## 数据来源

数据源自[维基数据](https://www.wikidata.org/) SPARQL接口。航天器识别通过属性P31（实例）= Q40218（航天器）及其所有子类通过P279*实现。本数据集由[维基航天项目](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Spaceflight)社区整理维护。

## 更新计划

每季度更新一次（1月、4月、7月、10月）。

## 相关数据集

- [space-missions](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/space-missions)：航天任务数据库
- [satcat](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/satcat)：卫星目录（SATCAT）
- [launch-vehicles](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/launch-vehicles)：运载火箭目录

## 数据流水线

代码仓库：[juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets)

## 支持与反馈

如果您觉得本数据集对您有所帮助，请前往[数据集页面](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/spacecraft-database)为其点赞，并在社区标签页中分享您的反馈！也欢迎为[space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets)代码仓库点亮⭐️。

## 引用格式

bibtex
@dataset{spacecraft_database,
author = {Simon, Julien},
title = {航天器数据库},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Hugging Face},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/spacecraft-database},
note = {数据源自维基数据（Wikidata），采用CC0协议}
}

## 许可证

[CC0-1.0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)（维基数据内容属于公有领域）