Highly efficient prime editing by introducing same-sense mutations in pegRNA or stabilizing its structure.

Prime editors (PEs) can mediate versatile genome editing but their efficiency remains low. Here, we developed spegRNA by introducing same-sense mutations at proper positions in the reverse-transcription template of pegRNA to increase PE's single-base editing efficiency or apegRNA by altering the pegRNA secondary structure to increase PE's indel-editing efficiency . When used in PE3 and PE5, the efficiencies of sPE3, aPE3, sPE5 and aPE5 were all enhanced significantly. Overall design: Development of spegRNA and apegRNA to improve PE editing efficiency