Data for: Cumulative impacts to global marine ecosystems projected to more than double by midcentury

We estimate how future human pressures will impact marine ecosystems with the most comprehensive data sets available of mapped current extent and future projections for ten anthropogenic pressures. Pressure data cover six categories, including climate (water temperature; air heat-index; sea level rise), ocean chemistry (ocean acidification; dissolved oxygen), pollution (nutrient input; light), net primary productivity (NPP), disturbance (coastal human population density), and fisheries (fisheries biomass loss). We mapped pressure data at 10 km resolution for both current (roughly 2010-2020) and future (typically 2041-2060, or midcentury) pressure intensities, with focus on the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. We estimate how these pressures will impact marine habitats based on their overlap with current distributions of 20 marine habitats and the unique vulnerability of each habitat to each pressure, averaging the cumulative impact across habitats per pixel. The SSP2-4.5, “Middle of the road” scenario approximates current climate policy, whereas the SSP5-8.5, “Fossil-fueled development” is considered an “extreme counterfactual scenario” in which CO2 emissions double by midcentury. All raster data are 10 km resolution, in Mollweide Coordinate Reference system. We include several zipped files of data: (1) github_repo_stressors-1.zip is the contents of the GitHub repository that includes R scripts and data used for all calculations; (2) habitat_maps includes 20 .tif files of the habitat data used in the analysis and metadata; (3) pressures_raw includes 60 .tif files of raw (i.e., unscaled) pressure data and metadata; (4) pressures_rescaled includes 48 .tif files of rescaled pressure data (the raw heat index files get collapsed when rescaling) with values all between 0 (no pressure) and 1 (highest pressure), and metadata; (5) impacts_by_pressure includes 40 .tif files that describe the cumulative impact for each pressure across all habitats, at this step, the surface and benthic oxygen as well as the surface temperature and benthic temperature data are combined into a single pressure layers (i.e., reduced-oxygen and ocean-warming); (6) cumulative_impact includes 4 files describing the cumulative impact averaged across all habitats within each pixel.