南迦巴瓦峰地区水、土壤、大气、生物环境背景值数据集（1983-1985）

本数据集来源于书籍： 《南迦巴瓦峰地区自然地理与自然资源》，该书籍的指导为任美锷，主编为彭补拙、杨逸畴，指导单位为中国科学院地理研究所。本书是南迦巴瓦峰《登山科学考察丛书》之一，是对南迦巴瓦峰及雅鲁藏布江下游大拐弯这个科学上空白地区进行自然地理研究的全面总结。
由于南峰地区的河流多是水流湍急,因此,蒸发浓缩作用微弱。另外,在湿润的南峰地区广泛分布着发育在片麻岩上的土壤,其淋溶作用强烈,土体中可溶盐贫乏,多显酸性反应。为了便于对天然水中一些阴、阳离子的含量进行分析,测定了南峰地区在不同海拔发育于片麻岩母质上的不同类型土壤中部分阴离子,结果列于表3。
土壤中元素的含量和分布不但受成土母质的影响,还与有机质和土壤中物理化学组成的性质有关,现将发育在本区土壤类型中部分土壤的元素含量及物理化学组成列于表8。从表8可以看出,某些元素与有机质及颗粒度等物理化学组成有关。南峰地区降水充沛,植物覆盖率大,生物及化学作用增强,在土壤有机质的积累和粘粒的形成方面与其高度有明显的关系,即海拔愈低,生物和化学风化愈强烈。同时与珠峰地区相比,化学风化也有所增强，这就造成了本区土壤中除Na,Mg,K外,其它元素都接近于世界土壤元素含量的主要原因。
土壤中的元素含量与成土母质和土壤类型有密切的关系,现将主要土壤类型和成土母质中的元素测得值,取其算术平均值,并求标准偏差,列于表9。从表9可以看出,不同母质发育的土壤中,元素含量有一定的差异,不同类型的土壤中元素含量也有相当大的差别。说明土壤中的元素含量与成土母质和土壤类型有密切的关系。这主要与元素本身的化学性质及元素在成土过程中的地球化学性质有关。
用PI XE法分析了南峰地区号营地、大本营、派区等点大气气溶胶样品,现将测得值列于表10，以探讨其输送、扩散、转化和富集规律，尽快地开展清洁区大气背景值的研究,追踪污染物质的来源。有机氯化合物如DDT、666,PCB,由于性质稳定,在环境中可以受到各种自然因素的影响而作长距离的迁移，为了解南峰地区是否也受到这类有机氯化合物的污染,我们首次用痕量分析方法,分析了水、土壤、动植物等样品中有机氯化合物的含量,以达到了解南峰地区生物背景状况的目的（表11、12、13），南峰地区水体、土壤、某些植物和禽蛋中 DDT,666含量很低一般仅为10-8数量级。收集的人发和牛毛样品中其他元素等含量水平未见异常。
南峰及北京地区部分生物样品中无机物含量列于表14。

This dataset is derived from the book *Physical Geography and Natural Resources in the Namcha Barwa Region*. The book was supervised by Ren Meie, edited by Peng Buzhuo and Yang Yichou, and sponsored by the Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences. As part of the *Mountaineering Scientific Expedition Series* for Namcha Barwa, this book provides a comprehensive summary of physical geography research on the scientifically unexplored regions including Namcha Barwa and the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River Grand Bend.

Most rivers in the Namcha Barwa region have rapid currents, resulting in weak evaporative concentration. In addition, soils developed on gneiss are widely distributed in the humid Namcha Barwa region, which undergo intense leaching, are poor in soluble salts in the soil matrix, and mostly exhibit acidic reactions. To facilitate the analysis of the contents of some anions and cations in natural water, partial anions in different types of soils developed on gneiss parent material at different elevations in the Namcha Barwa region were measured, and the results are listed in Table 3.

The contents and distribution of elements in soils are not only affected by soil parent material, but also related to organic matter and the properties of the soil’s physicochemical composition. The element contents and physicochemical compositions of some soils belonging to the local soil types are listed in Table 8. As can be seen from Table 8, certain elements are correlated with physicochemical compositions such as organic matter and particle size. The Namcha Barwa region has abundant precipitation and high plant coverage, enhancing biological and chemical processes. There is a clear relationship between elevation and soil organic matter accumulation and clay formation: the lower the elevation, the more intense the biological and chemical weathering. Compared with the Mount Qomolangma (Everest) region, chemical weathering in this area is also enhanced, which is the main reason why the contents of most elements in local soils, except Na, Mg and K, are close to the global average soil element contents.

Soil element contents are closely related to soil parent material and soil types. The measured element values from major soil types and parent materials, with their arithmetic means and standard deviations calculated, are listed in Table 9. As can be seen from Table 9, there are certain differences in element contents among soils developed from different parent materials, and considerable differences in element contents among different soil types. This indicates that soil element contents are closely related to soil parent material and soil types, which is mainly related to the chemical properties of the elements themselves and their geochemical properties during soil formation.

Atmospheric aerosol samples from various camps, the base camp, Pai District and other sites in the Namcha Barwa region were analyzed using the Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) method. The measured values are listed in Table 10, aiming to explore the rules of their transport, diffusion, transformation and enrichment, carry out research on atmospheric background values in clean areas as soon as possible, and trace the sources of pollutants. Organochlorine compounds such as DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane (666) and PCBs are stable in nature and can undergo long-distance migration under the influence of various natural factors in the environment. To investigate whether the Namcha Barwa region is also polluted by such organochlorine compounds, we for the first time used trace analysis methods to determine the contents of organochlorine compounds in samples of water, soil, animals and plants, so as to understand the biological background status of the Namcha Barwa region (Tables 11, 12, 13). The contents of DDT and 666 in water bodies, soils, some plants and poultry eggs in the Namcha Barwa region are very low, generally only at the 10^-8 order of magnitude. No abnormal contents of other elements were found in the collected human hair and cattle hair samples.

The inorganic contents of some biological samples from the Namcha Barwa and Beijing regions are listed in Table 14.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集提供了1983-1985年南迦巴瓦峰地区水、土壤、大气和生物环境的背景值，包括元素含量、物理化学组成及有机氯化合物含量等详细信息，反映了该地区独特的自然环境特征和低污染水平。