Asteroids by the Minor Planet Center|天文学数据集|小行星数据集

包含所有已知小行星的轨道数据和观测数据。数据来源于Minor Planet Center，格式包括Fortran (.DAT)和JSON，数据集大小为81MB（压缩）和450MB（未压缩），记录数约750,000条，每日更新。

This dataset encompasses orbital and observational data for all known asteroids. Sourced from the Minor Planet Center, the data is available in both Fortran (.DAT) and JSON formats. The dataset size is 81MB (compressed) and 450MB (uncompressed), containing approximately 750,000 records, and is updated daily.

原始信息汇总

数据集概述

1. Asteroids by the Minor Planet Center

Item	Info
Name	All the asteroids with calculated orbits contained in the MPC database
Content description	Orbital data of all know asteroids. Observational data.
Provider	Minor Planet Center
Location	http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/data
Formats	Fortran (.DAT), JSON (has extended data)
Retrieval	plain download
Size	81 MB (compressed), 450 MB (unzipped)
Partitioned	No
Records	about 750,000
Updates	Daily
Documentation	http://minorplanetcenter.net/Extended_Files/Extended_MPCORB_Data_Format_Manual.pdf

2. GAIA - GAIA DR1, DR2 Source

Item	Info
Name	GAIA DR1, DR2
Content description	Positions (α, δ) and G magnitudes for all sources with acceptable formal standard errors on positions.
Provider	ESA
Location	https://gea.esac.esa.int/archive/
Formats	CSV, FITS, Votable
Retrieval	Plain download
Size	Not specified
Partitioned	Yes, files of 40 MB (CSV)
Records	1,692,919,135
Updates	Dataset DR2 published on 25 April 2018
Documentation	https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dr1, https://gea.esac.esa.int/archive/documentation/GDR2/Gaia_archive/chap_datamodel/sec_dm_main_tables/ssec_dm_gaia_source.html

3. LIGO

Item	Info
Name	LIGO and VIRGO data
Content description	Gravitational wave data
Provider	LIGO
Location	https://losc.ligo.org/data/
Formats	HDF5 and JSON
Retrieval	Make selection on the site, then download
Size	Not specified
Partitioned	Not specified
Records	Not specified
Updates	In releases after certain amount of time
Documentation	https://losc.ligo.org/data/#yellow_box, https://losc.ligo.org/tutorials/

4. Supernovae

Item	Info
Name	The Open Supernovae Catalog
Content description	Centralized, open repository for supernova metadata, light curves, and spectra.
Provider	The Open Supernovae Catalog. Maintained by James Guillochon and Jerod Parrent.
Location	https://sne.space/download/
Formats	CSV, JSON (zipped, individual JSON files per supernovae)
Retrieval	Plain download, API
Size	625 MB
Partitioned	On ranges of years
Records	45,577 supernovae with 508,318 individual photometric detections and 18,168 individual spectra
Updates	Whenever supernovae occur
Documentation	http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016arXiv160501054G

5. CosmoSim

Item	Info
Name	CosmoSim
Content description	Results from cosmological simulations performed within different projects: MultiDark and Bolshoi, CLUES, and Galaxies.
Provider	Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP)
Location	https://www.cosmosim.org/
Formats	CSV, XML
Retrieval	Registration, then a SQL query needs to be written
Size	Several terabytes
Partitioned	No. Need to write SQL query
Records	Not specified
Updates	Presumably after new simulations
Documentation	https://www.cosmosim.org/cms/documentation/demos-and-tutorials/first-steps-with-cosmosim/

6. Fireball and Bolide Data

Item	Info
Name	Fireball and bolide data
Content description	Exceptionally bright meteors that are spectacular enough to be seen over a very wide area. Provided by U.S. Government sensors
Provider	NASA Center for Near Earth Object Studies
Location	https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/fireballs/
Formats	CSV, Excel
Retrieval	Plain download
Size	53 KB
Partitioned	No
Records	735
Updates	Yes. When new occurrences happen
Documentation	https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/fireballs/ (Click "Table Column Descriptions")

7. Meteorite landings

Item	Info
Name	Meteorite Landings
Content description	Information on all of the known meteorite landings
Provider	NASA
Location	https://data.nasa.gov/Space-Science/Meteorite-Landings/ak9y-cwf9
Formats	CSV (Export) and JSON (API)
Retrieval	Click "Export" or API
Size	4.6 MB
Partitioned	No
Records	about 45,000
Updates	Doesnt look like its updated in a while
Documentation	Not known

8. Fireball And Bolide Reports

Item	Info
Name	Fireball And Bolide Reports
Content description	Exceptionally bright meteors that are spectacular enough to be seen over a very wide area. Provided by U.S. Government sensors
Provider	NASA
Location	https://data.nasa.gov/Space-Science/Fireball-And-Bolide-Reports/mc52-syum
Formats	CSV, CSV for Excel
Retrieval	Click Export
Size	6 KB
Partitioned	No
Records	92
Updates	No new updates since 2015
Documentation	https://data.nasa.gov/Space-Science/Fireball-And-Bolide-Reports/mc52-syum

9. HYG Stellar database

Item	Info
Name	HYG Stellar database
Content description	Compilation of interesting stellar data from a variety of catalogs. Useful for background information on star names, positions, brightnesses, distances, and spectrum information.
Provider	David Nash
Location	http://www.astronexus.com/hyg, https://github.com/astronexus/HYG-Database
Formats	CSV
Retrieval	Plain download
Size	33 MB
Partitioned	No
Records	119615
Updates	Last on 3 years ago
Documentation	http://www.astronexus.com/hyg

10. Exoplanets

Item	Info
Name	NASA Exoplanet Archive
Content description	Confirmed exoplanets
Provider	NASA
Location	https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/, https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/bulk_data_download/ (bulk)
Formats	CSV (web interface), PDF (obtainable with wget)
Retrieval	Via table in web interface or in bulk with wget
Size	1 MB (simple table in CSV), Not specified (bulk)
Partitioned	Bulk: per exoplanet
Records	34031 (Summary reports in PDF)
Updates	When new discoveries occur
Documentation	https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/API_exoplanet_columns.html, http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/batch_download_help.html (wget)

AI搜集汇总

数据集介绍

构建方式

Asteroids by the Minor Planet Center数据集由小行星中心（Minor Planet Center）提供，包含了所有已知小行星的轨道数据和观测数据。数据以Fortran (.DAT)和JSON格式存储，其中JSON格式包含扩展数据。数据集每日更新，确保数据的时效性和准确性。用户可以通过官方网站直接下载压缩后的数据文件，解压后即可使用。

特点

该数据集的特点在于其全面性和实时性。它涵盖了约75万条小行星的轨道数据，每日更新确保数据的最新性。数据集以Fortran和JSON两种格式提供，JSON格式包含更多扩展信息，便于用户进行深入分析。此外，数据集的文档详细描述了数据格式和字段含义，为用户提供了良好的支持。

使用方法

使用Asteroids by the Minor Planet Center数据集时，用户可以通过官方网站直接下载数据文件。下载后，用户可以使用Python中的pandas库进行数据加载和处理，matplotlib库进行数据可视化，以及sklearn库进行机器学习分析。数据集提供了详细的文档，帮助用户理解数据结构和字段含义，确保数据分析的准确性和有效性。

背景与挑战

背景概述

Asteroids by the Minor Planet Center数据集由国际天文学联合会下属的小行星中心（Minor Planet Center, MPC）创建，旨在提供所有已知小行星的轨道数据和观测数据。该数据集自创建以来，已成为天文学研究中的重要资源，尤其在小行星轨道计算、动力学研究以及潜在威胁小行星的监测方面发挥了关键作用。数据集每日更新，确保了数据的时效性和准确性，为全球天文学家提供了宝贵的研究素材。

当前挑战

该数据集面临的挑战主要包括数据处理的复杂性和数据量的庞大。首先，小行星轨道数据的计算涉及复杂的数学模型和大量的观测数据，如何高效地处理和分析这些数据是一个技术难题。其次，数据集每日更新，数据量持续增长，如何存储和管理这些海量数据也是一个重要挑战。此外，数据的格式多样，包括Fortran和JSON等，如何在不同格式之间进行有效的数据转换和整合，也是研究人员需要解决的问题。

常用场景

经典使用场景

在探索宇宙奥秘的过程中，Asteroids by the Minor Planet Center数据集为天文学家和数据科学家提供了一个宝贵的资源。该数据集包含了所有已知小行星的轨道数据，这些数据不仅用于研究小行星的运动轨迹，还被广泛应用于教育和科研领域，特别是在使用Python的pandas、matplotlib和sklearn库进行数据分析和可视化时，该数据集成为了一个经典的学习工具。

解决学术问题

Asteroids by the Minor Planet Center数据集解决了天文学研究中关于小行星轨道预测和动态分析的关键问题。通过提供详细的轨道数据，研究人员能够更准确地预测小行星的运动，从而为地球防御策略提供科学依据。此外，这些数据还帮助科学家理解太阳系的形成和演化过程，对天体物理学的发展产生了深远影响。

衍生相关工作

基于Asteroids by the Minor Planet Center数据集，许多相关的研究工作得以展开。例如，研究人员利用这些数据开发了新的算法来预测小行星的轨道变化，这些算法已被集成到多个天文观测软件中。此外，该数据集还激发了关于小行星采矿和资源利用的研究，为未来的太空探索和资源开发提供了理论支持。