Integrated Dataset of Satellite-Derived Water Quality Parameters and Bird Populations in Five Ramsar Wetlands of India Using Sentinel ‑2 Imagery and in ‑Situ Observations

A multi-year dataset of water quality parameters derived from Sentinel-2 imagery was compiled for five Ramsar wetlands in India, three in Kerala (Vembanad, Sasthamkotta, Ashtamudi), one in Punjab (Harike), and one in Tamil Nadu (Point Calimere) using QGIS-defined boundaries and Copernicus satellite data from 2016–2024 (Kerala) and 2018–2024 (others).Sentinel-2 L1C and L2A imagery (Copernicus Open Access Hub), bird population data (eBird, CNHS, Bird Count India), and in-situ water quality field measurements.Sentinel-2 images with ≤11% cloud cover were downloaded. Atmospheric correction was applied to L1C images using DOS1 (QGIS SCP plugin); L2A images were used directly. Thirteen spectral bands were resampled to 10 m resolution and used with regression models based on in-situ measurements to estimate water quality indicators: TSS, turbidity, conductivity, pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, BOD, and DO for Kerala; chlorophyll-a, cyanobacteria, turbidity, CDOM, and DOC for Harike and Point Calimere. Surface reflectance was extracted using Reflectance = DN ÷ 10,000. Data are stored in TSV files by location and date for spatiotemporal analysis, and bird population records from sources like eBird, CNHS, and Bird Count India cover both migratory and resident species across all sites.