THERMAL MODELING OF ISOCYANATE SYNTHESIS. DECOMPOSITION OF CARBAMATES

This study investigates the processes of isocyanate synthesis through thermal decomposition of carbamates and the challenges associated with these methods. Isocyanates are among the most demanded products in the chemical industry due to their extensive use in polyurethane production. The research focuses on alternative phosgene-free methods, particularly carbamate thermolysis in gas and liquid phases. The influence of catalysts, solvents, and reaction conditions on the efficiency of isocyanate formation is analyzed. Special attention is given to kinetic modeling, process optimization using modern software tools, and environmental and safety considerations. The results demonstrate that carbamate-based thermolysis is a promising and environmentally safer approach for isocyanate synthesis, although further research is required to overcome kinetic and technological limitations.