Enhancement of cefixime solubility using a ternary solid dispersion system containing starch isolated from maize genotype

Background: Cefixime is a third-generation cephalosporin that has poor solubility and low bioavailability. 

Objectives: This study aimed to formulate cefixime as solid dispersion using a blend of starch isolated from maize genotype and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) to enhance its solubility and thus improving its oral absorption. 

Methods: The solubility and dissolution rate of solid dispersion formulations prepared by solvent evaporation method were measured. The morphology, spectroscopic and thermal properties of the optimum formulation were determined. Tablets containing the optimum formulation were directly compressed and evaluated.

Results: The optimum formulation exhibited a good dissolution profile and had an enhanced solubility of 15.2± 0.23 mg/mL which was thrice as much that of plain cefixime. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed there was no interaction between the drug and the polymers. X-ray diffraction pattern reveals that cefixime was transformed into a highly amorphous material due to the formation of solid dispersion. The time taken for 50 % (T ) and 90 % (T ) drug release were higher than that of tablets containing plain cefixime. 50 90

Conclusion: The results showed that the solid dispersion formulations improved the drug's solubility and could be explored in the controlled release of cefixime.