Four Paphiopedilum orchids include Paphiopedilum concolor, Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum, Paphiopedilum hybrid Maudiae Red and Paphiopedilum hybrid Maudiae Green.

(1) To obtain extensive floral transcriptomic sequence data to elucidate molecular mechanisms related to floral transition and development in the two subgenera Brachypetalum and Paphiopedilum, and to develop new molecular markers for Paphiopedilum. (2) To obtain extensive leaf transcriptomic sequence data to eludidate molecular mechanisms related to different phenotypes leaf traits formation in Paphiopedilum orchids. (3) To obtain extensive root transcriptomic sequence data to eludidate molecular mechanisms related to root development and formation in Paphiopedilum concolor.