ECMWF ERA interim derived atmospheric mass, moisture and energy budget products

As observations and atmospheric reanalyses have improved, the diagnostics that can be computed with confidence also increase. Accordingly, a new formulation of the energetics of the atmosphere is laid out, with a view to advancing diagnostic studies of Earth’s energy budget and flows. It is utilized to produce assessments of the vertically integrated divergences in both the atmosphere and ocean. Careful conservation of mass is required, with special attention given to the hydrological cycle and redistribution of mass associated with precipitation and evaporation, and a new method for ensuring this is developed. It guarantees that the atmospheric divergence is associated with moisture and precipitation, unlike previous methods. A new term, identified as associated with the enthalpy of precipitation, is included in a preliminary way. It is sensitive to the formulation, and the use of temperature in degrees Celsius instead of Kelvin greatly reduces errors and produces the extra term with values up to about 65 W/m2. New results for 2000 to 2017 are presented for the vertical-mean and annual-mean diabatic atmospheric heating, atmospheric moistening, and total atmospheric energy divergence. Results for the atmospheric divergence are combined with top-of-atmosphere radiation observations to deduce total surface energy fluxes.

These data files are monthly and span from 1979 to 2017, smoothed at T-106 resolution. The data format is NetCDF. A full dataset description is available at https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/31/16/jcli-d-17-0838.1.xml

随着观测数据和大气再分析技术的不断提升，我们能够有信心计算的诊断结果也在逐渐增多。相应地，本文提出了一种新的大气能量学公式，旨在推进对地球能量预算和能量流动的诊断研究。该公式被用于评估大气和海洋垂直积分发散性。在保持质量守恒方面，特别需要关注降水和蒸发相关的水文循环和质量再分配，为此开发了一种新的保证方法。该方法确保大气发散性与湿度及降水相关，与以往的方法不同。以一种初步的方式引入了一个新术语，该术语与降水的焓值相关。它对公式的敏感性较高，使用摄氏度而非开尔文温度来表示温度，大幅减少了误差，并产生了高达约65 W/m2的额外项。本文展示了2000年至2017年的新结果，包括垂直平均和年平均的绝热大气加热、大气增湿和总大气能量发散性。大气发散性结果与大气顶部的辐射观测数据相结合，以推导出总地表能量通量。这些数据文件为月度数据，时间跨度从1979年到2017年，以T-106分辨率进行平滑处理。数据格式为NetCDF。完整的数据集描述可在https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/31/16/jcli-d-17-0838.1.xml找到。