Clinical characteristics of the study population phenotype.

Clinical characteristics of the dietary groups after 15 weeks. Values are means ± SD for discovery set and validation set; CD - chow diet; HFD - high fat diet; HOMA-IR - homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. The HOMA-IR was calculated by multiplying fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) by fasting plasma insulin (2 U/ml) divided by 2,430 according to the method described by Cacho et al. [52]. LDL-cholesterol was calculated by Friedewald’s formula: LDL = TC - HDL - TG/2.2 (mmol/L) [53]. Urinary uric acid was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Assays used are listed in supplemental Table S2.