National Labor Force Survey 2009 - Indonesia

Abstract
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National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) is a survey that is designed to observe the general situation of workforce and also to understand whether there is a change of workforce structure between the enumeration period. Since the survey was initiated in 1976, it has undergone a series of changes affecting its coverage, the frequency of enumeration, the number of households sampled and the type of information collected. It is the largest and most representative source of employment data in Indonesia. For each selected household, the general information about the circumstances of each household member that includes the name, relationship to head of household, sex, and age were collected. Household members aged 10 years and over will be prompted to give the information about their marital status, education and employment.

SAKERNAS is aimed to gather informations that meet three objectives: 1.Employment by education, working hours, industrial classification and employment status, 2.Unemployment by different characteristics and efforts on looking for work, 3.Working age population not in the labor force (e.g. attending schools, doing housekeeping and others).

The data was gathered in August 2009 covered all provinces in Indonesia with 311.776 households, scattered on 19.486 census blocks from all provinces, both in rural and urban areas. The large number of samples of SAKERNAS August 2009 makes it possible for the data to be analyzed at district level. The main household data is taken from core questionnaires SAK09-AK August 2009.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage*, including urban and rural area, representative until district/city level.

*) Although covering all of Indonesia, there are some circumstances when not all provincial were covered. For example, in 2000, the Province of Maluku excluded in SAKERNAS because horizontal conflicts occurred there. Also, the separation of East Timor from Indonesia in 1999 also changed the scope of SAKERNAS for the years to come. After that, due to the expansion of regional autonomy as a consequence, the proportion of samples per Province is also changed, as in 2006 when the number of provinces are already 33. However, the difference is only on the number of influential scope/level but not to the pattern. On the other hand, changes in the methodology (including sample size) over time is likely to affect the outcome, for example in years 2000 and 2001, when sample size is only 32.384 and 34.176 households, the level of data presentation is only representative to island level, (insufficient sample size even to make it representative to provincial level).

Analysis unit
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Individual

Universe
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The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), aged 10+ years resident in the household. However, Diplomatic Corps households, households that are in the specific enumeration area and specific households in the regular enumeration area are not chosen as a sample.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data

Sampling procedure
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SAKERNAS August 2009 was implemented in the whole territory of the Republic of Indonesia with a total sample of about 311.776 households, scattered on 19.486 census blocks from all provinces, both in rural and urban areas. These 19,486 census blocks are meant to obtain data to estimate until the level of district/city. Diplomatic Corps households, households that are in the specific enumeration area and specific households in the regular enumeration area are not chosen as a sample.

The sampling method* for SAKERNAS is a two-stage cluster sampling design with census blocks as the primary sampling unit (PSU) and households as the ultimate sampling unit. PSUs were selected with probability proportional to size. A number of households were taken randomly from selected PSUs. However, there is documentation explained about how the sample size was determined at the domain level, or stratification measures that were implemented and also, the sample size allocation across strata. Sampling frame** used in SAKERNAS August 2009 is the list of chosen census blocks from Sakernas 2007, using the "list head of household names" result of August 2007's listing process. This sampling frame is used for sampling period 2008 to 2010 (February and August).

*) Sampling method used is varied in different years. For example, in SAKERNAS period of 1986-1989 sampling method used is the method of rotation, where most of the households selected at one period was re-elected in the following period. This often happens on quarterly SAKERNAS on that period. At other periods often use multi-stages sampling method (two or three stages depend on whether sub block census included or not), or a combination of multi stages sampling also with rotation method (e.g. SAKERNAS 2006).

**) Commonly annual SAKERNAS sample frame comes from the last population census result undertaken before SAKERNAS. For example, for annual SAKERNAS 2003 used sample frame derived from "listing process" of household results of Population Census 2000. Also can refer to sampling frame of some periodic household based cencus like Economic Census, e.g. in forming block census sample frame of SAKERNAS 2007 using Economic Census 2006 result. In the other hand sample frame used for quarterly SAKERNAS is from the list of households obtained from National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) Core activities held before Sakernas. For example, for quarterly SAKERNAS 2002/2003 activities, which used sample frame derived from the household of the selected districts of SUSENAS 2002.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face

Research instrument
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In SAKERNAS, the questionnaire has been designed in a simple and concise way. It is expected that respondents will understand the aim of question of survey and avoid the memory lapse and uninterested respondents during data collection. Furthermore, the design of SAKERNAS's questionnaire remains stable in order to maintain data comparison.

A household questionnaire was administered in each selected household, which collected general information of household members that includes name, relationship with head of the household, sex and age. Household members aged 10 years and over were then asked about their marital status, education and occupation.

Cleaning operations
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Stages of data processing in Sakernas are through process of:
- Batching
- Editing
- Coding
- Data Entry
- Validation
- Tabulate

Sampling error estimates
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Sampling error results are presented at the end of the publication of The State of Labor Force in Indonesia and in publication of The State of Workers in Indonesia.

摘要
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国家劳动力调查（SAKERNAS）是一项旨在观察劳动力总体状况并了解在调查周期内劳动力结构是否发生变化的调查。自1976年启动以来，该调查经历了多次变化，影响了其覆盖范围、调查频率、抽样家庭数量以及收集的信息类型。它是印度尼西亚最大的、最具代表性的就业数据来源。对于每个选定的家庭，收集了关于每个家庭成员情况的一般信息，包括姓名、与户主的关系、性别和年龄。10岁及以上的家庭成员将被要求提供关于其婚姻状况、教育和就业的信息。
SAKERNAS旨在收集满足以下三个目标的信息：1.按教育、工作时间、行业分类和就业状况划分的就业情况；2.按不同特征和寻找工作的努力程度划分的失业情况；3.不在劳动力中的适龄人口（例如，上学、做家务等）。
2009年8月收集的数据涵盖了印度尼西亚所有省份，共有311,776个家庭，分布在来自所有省份的19,486个普查区，包括农村和城市地区。SAKERNAS 2009年8月的庞大样本数量使得数据能够在区级进行分析。主要家庭数据来自2009年8月的核心问卷SAK09-AK。
地理覆盖范围
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全国覆盖，包括城市和农村地区，代表至区/市级。

* 虽然覆盖了整个印度尼西亚，但在某些情况下并非所有省份都被涵盖。例如，在2000年，由于马尔代夫省发生横向冲突，该省被排除在SAKERNAS之外。此外，1999年东帝汶从印度尼西亚分离也改变了SAKERNAS未来几年的范围。此后，由于区域自治的扩张作为后果，每个省份的样本比例也发生了变化，例如在2006年，当省份数量已增至33个时。然而，这种差异仅在于影响力的范围/水平，而不是模式。另一方面，随着时间的推移，方法（包括样本量）的变化可能会影响结果，例如在2000年和2001年，样本量仅为32,384户和34,176户时，数据的呈现水平仅代表岛屿水平（样本量不足以代表省级水平）。
分析单位
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个人
总体
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该调查涵盖了所有法定家庭成员（常住居民），年龄在10岁以上，居住在户内。然而，外交使团家庭、位于特定普查区的家庭以及在常规普查区中的特定家庭不被选为样本。
数据类型
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样本调查数据
抽样程序
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SAKERNAS 2009年8月在印度尼西亚共和国全境实施，总样本量约为311,776户，分布在来自所有省份的19,486个普查区，包括农村和城市地区。这19,486个普查区旨在获得数据，以估计直至区/市级。外交使团家庭、位于特定普查区的家庭以及在常规普查区中的特定家庭不被选为样本。
SAKERNAS的抽样方法*是一种两阶段聚类抽样设计，以普查区作为一级抽样单位（PSU），家庭作为最终抽样单位。PSU按规模成比例抽取。从选定的PSU中随机抽取一定数量的家庭。然而，有文件说明了如何在领域级别确定样本量，或者实施分层措施，以及样本量在各个层级的分配。SAKERNAS 2009年8月使用的抽样框架是Sakernas 2007年选择普查区的名单，使用2007年8月登记过程中的“户主姓名清单”结果。此抽样框架用于2008年至2010年（2月和8月）的抽样周期。
*)不同年份使用的抽样方法不同。例如，在1986-1989年的SAKERNAS期间，使用的抽样方法是轮换法，其中在某一时期被选中的大部分家庭在下一个时期将被重新选举。这种情况在该时期的季度SAKERNAS中经常发生。在其他时期通常使用多阶段抽样方法（根据是否包括子普查区，分为两个或三个阶段），或者多阶段抽样方法与轮换法的组合（例如，SAKERNAS 2006年）。
**)通常年度SAKERNAS的抽样框架来自SAKERNAS之前的最后一次人口普查结果。例如，对于2003年的年度SAKERNAS，使用的抽样框架来自2000年人口普查的“家庭登记过程”结果。也可以参考某些定期家庭普查的抽样框架，例如经济普查，例如在形成SAKERNAS 2007年的普查区样本框架时使用2006年的经济普查结果。另一方面，用于季度SAKERNAS的抽样框架来自在国家社会经济调查（SUSENAS）核心活动之前获得的家庭名单。例如，对于2002/2003年的季度SAKERNAS活动，使用的抽样框架来自SUSENAS 2002年选定地区的家庭。
数据收集方式
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面对面
研究工具
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在SAKERNAS中，问卷已设计得简单明了。预期受访者将理解调查问题的目的，并在数据收集过程中避免记忆失误和缺乏兴趣的受访者。此外，SAKERNAS问卷的设计保持稳定，以维持数据比较。
在每个选定的家庭中实施了家庭问卷，收集了家庭成员的一般信息，包括姓名、与户主的关系、性别和年龄。随后，10岁及以上的家庭成员将被询问其婚姻状况、教育和职业。
数据清洗操作
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Sakernas的数据处理阶段通过以下过程进行：
- 批处理
- 编辑
- 编码
- 数据录入
- 验证
- 编制表格
抽样误差估计
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抽样误差结果在《印度尼西亚劳动力状况》和《印度尼西亚工人状况》的出版物结束时呈现。