<b>A dataset of carbon parameters for the 24,366 lakes in China from 40-year Landsat observations</b>

Lakes function as receivers, regulators, reactors, and reservoirs in the global carbon cycle. However, long-term and national-scale monitoring data on lake carbon parameters are not available. Alternatively, long-term archived Landsat data have potential for enhancing the spatial and temporal retrievals of lake carbon parameters. Using Landsat reflectance during 1984-2023 and in-situ measurements at 5,503 stations, this study developed two-step Random Forest algorithms and remotely retrieved concentrations and storage of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) across 24,366 lakes in China, named the China Lake Carbon Parameter (CLCP) dataset. The generated dataset exhibits a spatial resolution of 0.1° with an annual temporal resolution.湖泊在全球碳循环中兼具接收者、调节者、反应场所与存储库的多重功能。然而，当前仍缺乏覆盖全国尺度的长期湖泊碳参数监测数据集。得益于长期存档的Landsat（陆地卫星）数据，有望大幅提升湖泊碳参数的时空反演精度。本研究以1984-2023年的Landsat遥感反射率数据与5503个站点的原位实测数据为基础，构建了两步法随机森林（Random Forest）算法，对中国24366个湖泊的溶解性有机碳（DOC）、颗粒态有机碳（POC）及溶解性无机碳（DIC）的浓度与储量开展遥感反演，生成了中国湖泊碳参数（CLCP）数据集。该数据集空间分辨率为0.1°，时间分辨率为年度尺度。