Zooplankton Communities of Restored Depressional Wetlands in Wisconsin - North Temperate Lakes LTER 1998

Wisconsin has lost approximately 2 million hectares of wetland since statehood (1848).
Through the combined efforts of state and federal agencies and private groups focused
primarily on wetland restoration for waterfowl habitat management or compensatory
mitigation, a fairly substantial gain in wetland area has been achieved. Much of the wetland
restoration effort in Wisconsin has occurred on formerly agricultural lands. However, due to
the nature of the past disturbance and possible residual effects not corrected by simply
returning surface waters to these lands, there is some question regarding the resultant
wetland quality or biological integrity. In an effort aimed at developing tools to measure
wetland gains in terms of quality or ecological integrity, the Wisconsin Department of
Natural Resources (WDNR) initiated a study of biological communities on restored wetlands in
Wisconsin. We report on the community of microcrustaceans and arthropods that can be
collected with a plankton net in open water in wetlands. We examined zooplankton community
structure in restored wetlands in terms of richness, taxonomic representation, and Daphnia
sexual reproduction and related these metrics to attributes on wetlands representing
least-disturbed conditions and agriculturally impacted wetlands. We sampled 56 palustrine
wetlands distributed across Wisconsin. These wetland sites were categorized as agricultural,
least-impacted, and restored (recently withdrawn from agricultural usage). The wetlands were
reasonably homogeneous in many ways, so that taxon richness was not correlated with basin
origin, presence of adjacent roads, presence or absence of fish, water chemistry, or the
size of the open water. We identified a total of 40 taxa.. We conclude that restoration of
wetland watersheds works. Withdrawal of the watershed from agricultural usage is followed by
an increase in taxon richness, and the sites resembled least-impacted sites in about 6-7
years. Dodson, S. I. and R. A. Lillie. 2001. Zooplankton communities of restored
depressional wetlands in Wisconsin, USA. Wetlands 21:292-300. Number of sites: 58