MicroRNA-dependent regulation of caste and reproductive status in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.)

Our study investigated the role of microRNAs (miRs) in the function of the honey bee mandibular gland (Mdg). Small RNA-Seq revealed distinct miR expression profiles with respect to caste. Worker Mdg genes were enriched for miR response elements (MREs) of queen-expressed miRs. Inhibiting ame-miR-375-3p in queen-less workers increased the expression of many genes showing intrinsically higher expression in queen-right workers. This study highlights the potential roles of miRs in honey bee caste phenotypes.