Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften ALLBUS 1998

Social monitoring of trends in attitudes, behavior, and societal change in the Federal Republic of Germany. The main topics in 1998 are: 1.) Economic situation and anticipation of occupational risks; 2.) Importance of life aspects; 3.) Free time activities, personal manner, and lifestyle; 4.) Use and assessment of media; 5.) Political participation; 6.) Attitudes towards politics and social inequality; 7.) Attitudes relating to the process of German re-unification; 8.) ALLBUS-Demography; 9.) Data on the interview; 10.) Derived indices. Topics: 1.) Economic situation and anticipation of occupational risks: assessments of the present and future economic situation in Germany; assessment of present and future personal economic situation; fear of unemployment or loss of business. 2.) Importance of life aspects: family and children, occupation and work, free time and recreation, friends and acquaintances, kinship, religion and church, politics and public life, neighborhood. 3.) Free time activities, personal manner, and lifestyle: reading books; reading magazines; listening to records, CD´s, cassettes; watching videos; using the computer; surfing the internet; private further education; relaxing, being lazy; walking or hiking; yoga, meditation; going to restaurants; visiting friends; visiting relatives; playing games; taking short trips; participating in politics; voluntary activities or honorary offices; attending church or religious events; indulging in art and music; do it yourself; active sport; attending sports events; going to pop concerts, jazz or dance events; classic culture (i.e. opera, classical concerts, theater, exhibitions); preference for folk music (i.e. Volksmusik), German pop songs or Rockmusic, classical music, jazz. 4.) Use and assessment of media: type of television reception device(satellite dish, cable, television aerial), amount of time spent using the media (frequency of radio and television use over the week, amount of time per day spent watching TV or listening to the radio in minutes). Taste in television programs: TV shows or quiz programs, sports, movies, news broadcasts, political magazines, art and culture programs, traditional German ´heimat´-films, detective films, action films, sitcom or entertainment series; frequency of reading the daily newspaper per week; sections of interest (i.e. politics, business, culture, sport, local, international, advertisements or classified advertisements). Number of periodicals read regularly; titles of regularly-read periodicals; assessment of credibility of each type of media; preferred sources of information on political events (i.e. newspaper, television or conversations). 5.) Political participation: articulation of one´s own opinion, voting, public discussion, citizens´ action groups, party work, support of political candidates, demonstrations, house squatting, personal violence, intimidation of opponents, abstinence from voting or casting a protest vote for another party, collecting signatures, blocking traffic (each of these activities were repeatedly raised with respect to the following (1) whether respondent had a role in an activity concerning an important issue, (2) whether respondent had been a participant in earlier activities, (3) whether respondent had been recently active (since the beginning of 1996), (4) whether the action was seen as politically effective (slightly shortened list)). Voting behavior in the past: respondent´s eligibility to vote and participation in German state elections (Landtagswahl); eligibility to vote and participation in the European elections; eligibility to vote, participation and voting behavior in the past Federal Parliament election; recall of past vote in federal elections. Perception of possible influence on politics (political efficacy, political alienation); gap between politicians and citizens; self-assuredness in relation to political group work; perceived influence on governmental policies; too much complexity in politics; the politicians´ closeness to constituents. Norms for political participation: discontent as motivation for engagement; belief in effectiveness as motivation for engagement; let the elected representatives handle politics; participation in the vote as a civic duty; moral acceptability of violence; plebiscite as a necessary component of democracy; establishing democracy in all social areas. Political participation in peer group; criticism of political situation; political activity. 6.) Attitudes towards politics and social inequality: political support (satisfaction with democracy in Germany); satisfaction with the performance of the federal government; national pride; satisfaction with life in the Federal Republic of Germany. Statements on the legitimacy of social inequality: Inequality of income as incentive to achieve; acceptability of differences in status; justness of social differences. Political interest; self-placement on a left-right continuum; self-assessment of social class; postmaterialism(importance of law and order, fighting rising prices, free expression of opinions, and influence on governmental decisions); concerns about social issues in Germany (environmental protection, the number of immigrants, the costs of German unification, the development of crime figures, unemployment); perceived representation of personal interests through organizations: trade unions, Catholic and Protestant churches, ecological or environmental organizations, CDU, CSU, SPD, FDP, The Greens (Bündnis 90/Die Grünen), Republikaner, PDS. 7.) Attitudes relating to the process of German re-unification: demand for increased willingness to make sacrifices in the West and for more patience in the East; more advantages for East or West through German unification; the future in the East depends on the willingness of eastern Germans to make an effort; strangeness of citizens in the other part of Germany; pressures to work harder in the East; attitudes towards the Stasi-past of individuals; evaluation of socialism as an idea. 8.) ALLBUS-Demography: Details about the respondent: gender; month and year of birth, age; geographical origin and citizenship; place of residence (federal state, administrative region, size of municipality, BIK-type of municipality) and length of residence; religious denomination, frequency of church attendance; voting intention (Sonntagsfrage); general education, vocational training; employment status; details about current occupation, affiliation to public service, supervisory functions, working hours per week; length of unemployment; date of termination of full- or part-time employment; details about former occupation; respondent´s income; marital status. Details about respondent´s current spouse: general education, vocational training; employment status; details about current occupation. Details about respondent´s steady extra-marital partner: common household; month and year of birth, age; general education, vocational training; employment status; details about current occupation. Details about respondent´s parents: general education of father and mother; father´s occupation. Composition of household: size of household; number of persons older than 17 in household (reduced size of household); household income; type of dwelling; telephone, listing in telephone directory. Details about household members: relation to respondent; gender; month and year of birth, age; marital status. Respondent´s current memberships (Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (DGB, blue-collar union), Deutsche Angestelltengewerkschaft (DAG, white-collar union), Christlicher Gewerkschaftsbund (CGB, Christian union), Union Leitender Angestellter (ULA, association of managers), Deutscher Beamtenbund (DBB, public service union), farmer´s association, trade association, Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie (BDI, association of German industry), association of a liberal profession, other occupational association); respondent´s current and former memberships (choral society, sports club, leisure activity club, local history or community club, other social association, association of German expellees or refugees, charitable association, religious/church organization, youth or student organization, political party, citizens´ action group, environmentalist or alternative political group, other club or association). 9.) Data on the interview: beginning and end of interview; date of interview; length of interview; presence of other people during the interview (spouse, partner, children, relatives, other persons); interference of other people in the interview; willingness of respondent to cooperate; reliability of respondent´s statements. Serialnumber of sample net, sample point and within sample point; number of interview for interviewer; number of interview for sample point; reachability of respondent; willingness of respondent to cooperate. Data on the interviewer: gender, age, general education, identification of interviewer. 10.) Derived indices: Inglehart-index; family typology, classification of private households (according to Porst and Funk); International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO 1968, 1988); occupational prestige (according to Treiman); magnitude prestige (according to Wegener); occupational meta-classification (according to Terwey); class position (according to Goldthorpe); weights.本数据集为针对德意志联邦共和国民众态度、行为及社会变迁趋势的社会监测项目。1998年的核心调研主题分为以下十类：1. 经济状况与职业风险预期；2. 生活各维度的重要性；3. 闲暇活动、个人举止与生活方式；4. 媒介使用与评价；5. 政治参与；6. 对政治与社会不平等的态度；7. 与德国统一进程相关的态度；8. ALLBUS人口统计学模块(ALLBUS-Demography)；9. 访谈相关数据；10. 衍生指数。 1. 经济状况与职业风险预期：包含对德国当前及未来经济形势的评价、对个人当前与未来经济状况的评估、对失业或企业经营损失的担忧。 2. 生活各维度的重要性：涵盖家庭与子女、职业与工作、闲暇与娱乐、朋友与熟人、亲属关系、宗教与教会、政治与公共生活、社区邻里。 3. 闲暇活动、个人举止与生活方式：包括读书、阅读杂志、收听唱片/CD/磁带、观看视频、使用计算机、上网、私人继续教育、休闲放松、散步或徒步、瑜伽与冥想、前往餐厅、拜访朋友与亲属、玩游戏、短途旅行、参与政治活动、志愿活动或担任荣誉职务、参加教会或宗教活动、投身艺术与音乐创作、手工制作、体育运动、观看体育赛事、参加流行音乐会、爵士乐或舞蹈活动、经典文化活动（如歌剧、古典音乐会、戏剧、展览）、音乐偏好（如民俗音乐、德国流行歌曲、摇滚乐、古典音乐、爵士乐）。 4. 媒介使用与评价：包括电视接收设备类型（卫星天线、有线电视、电视天线）、媒介使用时长（每周收听广播、观看电视的频率，每日收看电视或收听广播的分钟数）；电视节目偏好：电视综艺或益智问答节目、体育赛事、电影、新闻播报、政治杂志节目、艺术与文化节目、德国本土题材电影、侦探片、动作片、情景喜剧或娱乐剧集；每周阅读日报的频率、感兴趣的版面（如政治、财经、文化、体育、本地新闻、国际新闻、广告或分类广告）；定期阅读的期刊数量、期刊名称；对各类媒体可信度的评价；政治事件信息的首选来源（如报纸、电视或人际交谈）。 5. 政治参与：包括个人观点表达、投票、公共讨论、公民行动团体活动、党务工作、支持政治候选人、游行示威、房屋占领、个人暴力行为、恐吓反对者、弃权或为其他政党投抗议票、征集签名、阻碍交通（上述各项活动均围绕以下四个维度反复询问：1. 受访者是否在某一重要议题相关活动中发挥作用；2. 受访者是否曾参与过相关活动；3. 受访者是否在近期（1996年初以来）有过参与行为；4. 受访者是否认为该行动具有政治效力，此处为简化列表）；过往投票行为：受访者的投票资格与参与德国州议会选举(Landtagswahl)的情况、投票资格与参与欧洲议会选举的情况、投票资格与参与过往联邦议会选举的情况及投票行为、回忆过往联邦议会选举的投票情况；对政治影响力的感知（政治效能感、政治疏离感）、政客与民众之间的隔阂、参与政治团体活动的自信心、对政府政策的感知影响力、政治体系过于复杂、政客与选民的亲密度；政治参与的规范取向：以不满作为参与动机、以对行动有效性的信念作为参与动机、将政治事务交由当选代表处理、将投票视为公民义务、暴力行为的道德可接受性、全民公投作为民主的必要组成部分、在所有社会领域建立民主；同辈群体中的政治参与、对政治现状的批评、政治活动。 6. 对政治与社会不平等的态度：包括政治支持度（对德国民主的满意度）、对联邦政府施政表现的满意度、民族自豪感、对德意志联邦共和国生活的满意度；关于社会不平等合法性的表述：收入不平等作为成就激励、身份差异的可接受性、社会差异的公正性；政治兴趣、左右意识形态光谱的自我定位、社会阶层的自我评估、后物质主义价值观（如法律与秩序的重要性、对抗物价上涨、言论自由、影响政府决策的能力）、对德国社会议题的担忧（环境保护、移民数量、德国统一的成本、犯罪率变化、失业问题）、民众认为自身利益被哪些组织代表：工会、天主教与新教教会、生态或环保组织、基督教民主联盟(CDU)、基督教社会联盟(CSU)、社会民主党(SPD)、自由民主党(FDP)、联盟90/绿党(Bündnis 90/Die Grünen)、共和党(Republikaner)、民主社会主义党(PDS)。 7. 与德国统一进程相关的态度：包括要求西德民众增加牺牲意愿、东德民众提升耐心；德国统一对东西德的利弊差异；东德的未来取决于东德民众的努力意愿；东西德民众之间的陌生感；东德民众面临的工作压力；对个人史塔西(Stasi)过往经历的态度；对社会主义理念的评价。 8. ALLBUS人口统计学模块：包含受访者详细信息：性别、出生年月与年龄、籍贯与国籍、居住地（联邦州、行政区划、市镇规模、市镇BIK类型）及居住时长、宗教教派、教堂出席频率、投票意向（周日调查(Sonntagsfrage)）、普通教育水平、职业培训情况、就业状态、当前职业详情、公职隶属关系、管理职能、周工作时长、失业时长、全职/兼职雇佣终止日期、过往职业详情、受访者收入、婚姻状况；受访者当前配偶的详细信息：普通教育水平、职业培训情况、就业状态、当前职业详情；受访者稳定的婚外伴侣详细信息：共同居住情况、出生年月与年龄、普通教育水平、职业培训情况、就业状态、当前职业详情；受访者父母的详细信息：父母双方的普通教育水平、父亲的职业；家庭构成：家庭规模、家庭中17岁以上人口数量（家庭缩减规模）、家庭收入、住宅类型、电话及电话簿登记情况；家庭成员详细信息：与受访者的关系、性别、出生年月与年龄、婚姻状况；受访者当前会员身份：德国工会联合会(DGB，蓝领工会)、德国职员工会(DAG，白领工会)、基督教工会联合会(CGB)、管理人员协会(ULA)、德国公务员联合会(DBB，公职人员工会)、农民协会、行业协会、德国工业联合会(BDI)、自由职业者协会、其他职业协会；受访者当前与过往会员身份：合唱团、体育俱乐部、休闲活动俱乐部、地方史或社区俱乐部、其他社交协会、德国难民或流亡者协会、慈善协会、宗教/教会组织、青年或学生组织、政党、公民行动团体、环保或其他政治团体、其他俱乐部或协会。 9. 访谈相关数据：包括访谈开始与结束时间、访谈日期、访谈时长、访谈过程中是否有其他人员在场（配偶、伴侣、子女、亲属、其他人员）、其他人员对访谈的干扰情况、受访者的合作意愿、受访者陈述的可靠性；样本净序列号、样本点及样本内序列号、访员的访谈编号、样本点的访谈编号、受访者的可联系情况、受访者的合作意愿；访员相关数据：性别、年龄、普通教育水平、访员身份标识。 10. 衍生指数：包括英格尔哈特指数(Inglehart-index)、家庭类型学、私人家庭分类（根据Porst与Funk的研究）、国际标准职业分类(International Standard Classification of Occupations, ISCO 1968、1988)、职业声望（根据Treiman的研究）、量级声望（根据Wegener的研究）、职业元分类（根据Terwey的研究）、阶级地位（根据Goldthorpe的研究）、权重。