GRB10 regulates signal transduction and its role in tumors

Growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (GRB10) is a member of the GRB7 signaling family, containing five domains that can bind to various tyrosine kinase receptors and non-tyrosine kinase receptors, playing a crucial role in cellular signaling. GRB10 can either inhibit or activate signaling pathways such as insulin signaling and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, depending on the cell type and signal intensity. Additionally, GRB10 is involved in regulating energy metabolism, social behavior, and neurodevelopment. In tumors, GRB10 has a dual role, and its regulatory mechanisms may be related to differences in GRB10 isoforms, tumor cell origin, genetic mutation background, and the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the functions and mechanisms of GRB10 and discusses the research progress of GRB10 in tumors, aiming to provide insights for clinical treatment.