Limits to the evolution of herbicide escape and tolerance in the agricultural weed Amaranthus palmeri

In response to novel anthropogenic stresses, defense strategies including resistance, tolerance, and escape can evolve. However, if the evolution of one or more of these strategies is limited by weak natural selection or a lack of genetic variation, then a mixed strategy (e.g. resistance and tolerance) is unlikely to evolve. To determine the mechanisms that limit the evolution of defense strategies, we studied escape from and tolerance to glyphosate herbicide in Amaranthus palmeri, an agricultural weed that has evolved glyphosate resistance. We grew A. palmeri in fields planted with corn, soybean, or no crop; manipulated their exposure to glyphosate; and measured escape and tolerance. We did not detect selection or genetic variation for glyphosate escape in any agricultural environment, suggesting that a mixed strategy of resistance and escape is unlikely to evolve in A. palmeri. We also did not detect selection for glyphosate tolerance, but there was genetic variation for tolerance in ..., , , # Limits to the evolution of herbicide escape and tolerance in the agricultural weed Amaranthus palmeri Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.8kprr4xwg](10.5061/dryad.8kprr4xwg) ## Description of the data and file structure Data and code for: Limits to the evolution of herbicide escape and tolerance in the agricultural weed *Amaranthus palmeri*. Submitted to Evolution. This package contains 14 files: 1\. “**survival.2017.csv**”: This file contains the data used to estimate selection on days to seedling emergence via survival for *Amaranthus palmeri* grown in 2017 a cultivated soybean field (Fig. 1; Table S2). The columns are as follows: -position: Unique number identifying each plant included in the data set -block: Identity of the field where each experimental plant was located (A, B, or C) -population: Identity of the population (Table S1) that an open-pollinated maternal family was collected from (HE (41.447092 -90.141592); CH (40.074505 -88.246533); EF (39.228864 -88.525873); MD-IL ...,面对新型人为胁迫，植物可演化出包括抗性（resistance）、耐性（tolerance）与逃逸（escape）在内的防御策略。但若上述一种或多种策略的演化因自然选择强度不足或遗传变异匮乏而受限，则混合策略（如抗性与耐性组合）难以演化。为阐明限制防御策略演化的机制，本研究以已演化出草甘膦（glyphosate）抗性的农田杂草长芒苋（*Amaranthus palmeri*）为对象，探究其对草甘膦除草剂的逃逸与耐性响应。我们将长芒苋种植于玉米田、大豆田及裸地中，调控其草甘膦暴露条件，并测定其逃逸能力与耐性水平。在所有农业环境中，均未检测到与草甘膦逃逸相关的选择压力或遗传变异，这表明长芒苋难以演化出抗性与逃逸的混合防御策略。此外，本研究未检测到针对草甘膦耐性的选择压力，但在[...]中存在耐性相关的遗传变异。 # 农田杂草长芒苋中除草剂逃逸与耐性演化的限制因素 数据集DOI：[10.5061/dryad.8kprr4xwg](10.5061/dryad.8kprr4xwg) ## 数据与文件结构说明 本数据包对应论文《农田杂草长芒苋中除草剂逃逸与耐性演化的限制因素》，已投稿至*Evolution*期刊。 本数据包共包含14个文件： 1. "survival.2017.csv"：该文件包含2017年在栽培大豆田中种植的长芒苋的出苗天数存活率选择压力估算数据（对应图1、附表S2）。其列信息如下： - position：用于标识本数据集内每株实验植株的唯一编号 - block：每株实验植株所在田块的编号（A、B或C） - population：开放授粉母本家族的采集种群编号（详见附表S1），采集点包括HE（41.447092, -90.141592）、CH（40.074505, -88.246533）、EF（39.228864, -88.525873）、MD-IL [...]