Whole genome analysis of <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum strains isolated from a fowl typhoid outbreak in southern Brazil

1. <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum strains isolated from a southern Brazil fowl typhoid outbreak were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic analyses to identify genetic elements that could improve prevention and control strategies. 2. Whole-genome sequencing revealed the presence of the <i>aac(6’)-Iaa</i> gene, conferring aminoglycoside resistance, along with novel chromosomal point mutations, including the first detection of <i>parE</i> p.S451F in <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum. 3. Additionally, <i>IncFII(S)</i> plasmid replicons, <i>Salmonella</i> pathogenicity islands and 105 virulence genes associated with cell adhesion, invasion and antimicrobial peptide resistance were identified. 4. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms of fowl typhoid and provide crucial insights into emerging antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors.