Research and Development Survey 2022

Reference period The reference period for the latest survey was the 2021/2022 financial year. Businesses with balance dates falling between 1 January and 30 September supplied data for the year ending 2022. Businesses with balance dates falling between 1 October and 31 December supplied financial data for the year ending 2021. The table below details the balance dates respondents used for each survey. Balance date 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Proportion of responders 31 December previous year 7 .. 8 9 8 8 8 31 March current year 44 .. 54 54 52 55 50 30 June current year 11 .. 10 10 10 10 10 Other 11 .. 7 7 7 7 6 Not provided 27 .. 20 20 22 19 25 .. Data not collected The reference period for the higher education sector is 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021. Summary of changes to the R&D population In 2022, the R&D survey was conducted as part of its usual two-yearly cycle. The sectors of business, government and higher education were surveyed. In 2019 and 2021, the R&D Survey was conducted only for the business sector, as a special iteration of the survey outside of its usual two-yearly cycle. The sample for the R&D Survey: 2022 consisted of 5,323 businesses. The overall achieved response rate for the R&D Survey: 2022 was 80 percent for businesses, the target response rate was 85 percent. We identified some businesses as key units – if their response to a survey question about R&D expenditure was considerable in the previous survey period. The target response rate was 100 percent for businesses identified as key units. The sampling error on the Business sector R&D expenditure figure is 6.1 percent at the 95 percent confidence level. The table below provides a numerical summary of the changes in the R&D population, as well as associated changes in the sample, number of respondents, and sampling errors. Sector 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Population Number Business 4,185 .. 4,512 4,775 5,192 5,382 5,688 Government 101 .. 97 .. 101 .. 87 Higher Education 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 Total 4,294 .. 4,617 4,775 5,301 5,382 5,783 Sample Number Business 3,895 .. 4,159 4,386 4,767 4,948 5,228 Government 92 .. 90 .. 95 .. 87 Higher Education 8 .. 8 .. 8 .. 8 Total 3,995 .. 4,257 4,386 4,862 4,948 5,323 Number of respondents Number Business 2,978 .. 3,455 3,663 3,935 4,138 4,151 Government 80 .. 78 .. 80 .. 75 Higher Education 8 .. 8 .. 6 .. 8 Total 3,066 .. 3,541 3,663 4,021 4,138 4234 Response rate(1) Percent Business 77 .. 83 84 83 84 79 Government 87 .. 87 .. 84 .. 86 Higher Education 100 .. 100 .. 75 .. 88 Total 83 .. 83 84 82 84 80 Yes to R&D(2) Number Business 1,340 .. 1,642 1,814 1,907 1,958 1,854 Government 44 .. 46 .. 38 .. 38 Higher Education 8 .. 8 .. 6 .. 8 Total 1,392 .. 1,696 1,814 1,951 1,958 1,900 R&D performed as a percentage of respondents(3) Percentage Business 45 .. 48 50 48 47 45 Government 55 .. 59 .. 38 .. 51 Higher Education 100 .. 100 .. 100 .. 100 Total 45 .. 48 50 48 47 45 Sample errors(4) Percentage Business 6.3 .. 12.0 6.2 6.0 5.1 6.1 Government 3.6 .. 8.0 .. 3.3 .. 2.3 Higher Education 0 .. 0 .. 0 .. 0 Total 3.3 .. 6.7 6.2 3.6 5.1 3.6 Response rate = number of respondents divided by sample. 'Yes to R&D' means that a business is carrying out and/or funding R&D. R&D performers as percentage of respondents = 'yes to R&D' divided by number of respondents. All years sample errors were updated in 2021, to handle variability of responses within the sample in accordance with current best practice. .. Data not collected. Note: Due to rounding some figures may not add to stated totals. Response rates by industry The table below shows response rates by industry within the business sector. The overall business sector's response rate was 80 percent, ranging from 77 percent to 89 percent across the different industries. Industry 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Primary 74 .. 80 83 85 84 78 Manufacturing 80 .. 85 86 85 86 82 Food product manufacturing 78 .. 85 84 82 86 78 Beverage and tobacco manufacturing 74 .. 91 89 83 81 78 Textiles, clothing, footwear, and leather manufacturing 85 .. 86 85 85 86 89 Petroleum, coal, chemical, and associated product manufacturing 78 .. 85 84 86 85 80 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing 81 .. 84 84 77 85 79 Metal product manufacturing 86 .. 90 90 87 89 88 Machinery and equipment manufacturing 82 .. 83 86 87 87 82 Other manufacturing 74 .. 83 88 86 88 87 Services 77 .. 83 83 81 83 79 Wholesale trade 78 .. 84 85 84 84 81 Scientific research and technical services 81 .. 84 79 85 84 80 Computer services 76 .. 83 83 77 81 77 Other services 75 .. 82 82 81 82 79 Total business sector 77 .. 83 84 83 84 79 Scientific research 92 .. 100 .. 100 .. 100 Other government research 86 .. 85 .. 81 .. 84 Total government sector 87 .. 87 .. 84 .. 86 Total higher education sector 100 .. 100 .. 75 .. 88 Total all sectors 77 .. 83 84 82 84 80 .. Data not collected Bioscience expenditure on R&D Based on consultation with key stakeholders, the questions that related to Bioscience expenditure on R&D was removed since 2016, as they were no longer relevant. Sampling error by industry The table below shows sampling error by published industry. Customers need to take into account these sample errors when using data at published industry level. All years sample errors were updated in 2021, to handle variability of responses within the sample in accordance with current best practice. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Industry Sample error (percent) Primary 23.8 .. 49.8 30.2 29.7 26.0 42.7 Food product manufacturing 27.1 .. 17.8 22.7 12.6 18.2 12.1 Beverage and tobacco manufacturing 23.5 .. 57.7 32.7 63.9 13.9 14.1 Textiles, clothing, footwear, and leather manufacturing 14.2 .. 33.5 30.8 41.2 26.8 17.2 Petroleum, coal, chemical, and associated product manufacturing 14.5 .. 36.0 19.0 17.2 11.8 11.4 Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing 27.9 .. 54.7 93.8 121.6 17.3 33.7 Metal product manufacturing 27.9 .. 10.4 9.0 10.0 19.3 16.8 Machinery and equipment manufacturing 11.0 .. 13.1 12.6 11.7 10.0 10.2 Other manufacturing 21.5 .. 33.6 32.5 21.3 33.1 37.9 Wholesale trade 17.3 .. 40.3 16.8 21.0 17.1 11.1 Scientific research and technical services 18.8 .. 48.2 29.3 36.7 20.8 11.7 Computer services 12.5 .. 16.2 11.5 12.0 11.2 11.9 Other services 24.9 .. 45.3 17.5 11.7 10.3 17.5 Scientific research 0 .. 8.1 .. 0 .. 0 Other government research 34.2 .. 36.4 .. 28.8 .. 20.3 .. Data not collected Note: Due to rounding some figures may not add to stated totals. The survey sample was designed to minimise sample error at sector level. At published industry level, sample errors are higher, due to the smaller numbers in each of these groups. They quantify the variability that occurs by chance because a sample rather than an entire population is surveyed. For example, if the estimated R&D expenditure for businesses in the Food manufacturing industry in 2022 is $86 million, with a sampling error of 12.1 percent, this means there would be a 95 percent chance the true R&D expenditure for the Food manufacturing industry lies between $75.6 million and $96.4 million ($86 million plus or minus 12.1%). The sampling errors detailed above represent the variability for total R&D expenditure at the published industry level. Sample errors for other variables collected in the survey, as well as for other breakdowns, can be found in the downloadable csv as part of this release. en-NZ