Do migratory and resident birds differ in their responses to interacting effects of climate, weather and vegetation?

Aim: Knowledge of the individual and collective effects of habitat, weather variability, and climate on bird populations is limited, with the result that species vulnerability to the collective impacts of global change is poorly understood. We quantified the effects of interactions between these potential drivers on the occurrence of resident, migratory, and nomadic birds in Australian temperate woodlands. Location: A 1.8 million hectare temperate woodland belt in south-eastern Australia. Time period: 2002-2015. Major taxa studied: Temperate woodland birds. Methods: We used logistic mixed models to quantify the factors affecting the occurrence of three groups of birds (residents, partial migrants, nomads) at 203 long-term field sites located in three vegetation types (restoration plantings, natural regrowth woodland, old growth woodland) surveyed repeatedly between 2002 and 2015. Potential explanatory variables included vegetation type, three long-term climate variables (mean annual ra...