Supplementary Material for: High Diversity in CMA₃/DAPI-Banding Patterns in Heteropterans

Heteroptera is the most numerous and diverse suborder of Hemiptera, with about 38,000 species. This diversity also involves cytogenetic features, including chromosome number and a sex determining system. Information about heterochromatin occurrence and distribution is scarce in heteropterans, but still, there is some evidence of variability. We determined the chromosome number and CMA₃/DAPI-banding pattern of 179 individuals of 25 heteropteran species from Brazil. Eight species of Pentatomidae exhibited a constant chromosome number (2n = 12 + XY), but in Coreidae (12 species), Largidae (1 species), Rhopalidae (1 species), and Pyrrhocoridae (3 species), the numbers ranged from 2n = 10 + 2m + X0 to 2n = 24 + 2m + X0. Although there were no large differences in the chromosome size between species, the CMA₃/DAPI-banding patterns differed markedly. Among the genera, species of <i>Edessa, Spartocera, Hypselonotus, Phtia,</i><i>Holhymenia</i> and <i>Euryophthalmus</i> showed a large accumulation of heterochromatin, while the other species exhibited few or no heterochromatic bands. In general, when heterochromatin was more accumulated, this occurred preferentially at terminal positions, except in <i>Holhymenia histrio</i>, which exhibited intercalary bands. This study made it possible to identify some chromosome rearrangements and to enhance our knowledge of the evolutionary mechanisms that determine karyotype differentiation in Heteroptera.

异翅亚目（Heteroptera）是半翅目（Hemiptera）中物种数量最多、多样性最丰富的亚目，已知约有38000个物种。该类群的多样性同样体现在细胞遗传学特征上，包括染色体数目与性别决定系统。目前关于异翅类昆虫异染色质的存在与分布情况的研究资料尚且匮乏，但已有部分证据表明其存在变异。我们对采自巴西的25个异翅亚目物种的179个个体进行了染色体数目与CMA₃/DAPI带型（CMA₃/DAPI-banding）分析。蝽科（Pentatomidae）的8个物种表现出恒定的体细胞染色体数目（2n = 12 + XY），而缘蝽科（Coreidae，12个物种）、大吻蝽科（Largidae，1个物种）、长蝽科（Rhopalidae，1个物种）以及红蝽科（Pyrrhocoridae，3个物种）的物种，其染色体数目范围为2n = 10 + 2m + X0至2n = 24 + 2m + X0。尽管各物种间染色体大小并无显著差异，但其CMA₃/DAPI带型却存在显著分化。在各属类群中，伊达蝽属（Edessa）、刺肩蝽属（Spartocera）、长角蝽属（Hypselonotus）、菲蝽属（Phtia）、霍利蝽属（Holhymenia）以及宽眼蝽属（Euryophthalmus）的物种均表现出大量异染色质富集，而其余物种的异染色质带则较少甚至无此类结构。总体而言，当异染色质富集程度较高时，其通常优先分布于染色体末端区域，但斑翅霍利蝽（Holhymenia histrio）例外，该物种具有居间异染色质带。本研究明确了部分染色体重排现象，并深化了我们对决定异翅亚目核型分化的进化机制的认知。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是2013年发布的补充材料，聚焦于巴西25种异翅目昆虫的细胞遗传学研究，分析了179个个体的染色体数目和CMA3/DAPI带型模式。研究发现染色体数目在不同科间存在显著差异（从2n = 10 + 2m + X0到2n = 24 + 2m + X0），且异染色质分布高度多样化，部分属如Edessa和Spartocera显示大量异染色质积累，而其他物种则较少，这有助于理解异翅目昆虫的核型进化机制。