"Table 165" of "Anisotropic flow and flow fluctuations of identified hadrons in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV"

The first measurements of elliptic flow of $\mathrm{\pi}^{\pm}$, $\mathrm{K}^{\pm}$, $\mathrm{p}+\bar{\mathrm{p}}$, $\mathrm{K_{S}^{0}}$, $\Lambda+\bar{\Lambda}$, $\mathrm{\phi}$, $\mathrm{\Xi^{\mp}}$, and $\mathrm{\Omega^{\mp}}$ using multiparticle cumulants in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV are presented. Results obtained with two- ($v_2\{2\}$) and four-particle cumulants ($v_2\{4\}$) are shown as a function of transverse momentum, $p_{\rm T}$, for various collision centrality intervals. Combining the data for both $v_2\{2\}$ and $v_2\{4\}$ also allows us to report the first measurements of the mean elliptic flow, elliptic flow fluctuations, and relative elliptic flow fluctuations for various hadron species. These observables probe the event-by-event eccentricity fluctuations in the initial state and the contributions from the dynamic evolution of the expanding quark--gluon plasma. The characteristic features observed in previous $p_{\rm T}$-differential anisotropic flow measurements for identified hadrons with two-particle correlations, namely the mass ordering at low $p_{\rm T}$ and the approximate scaling with the number of constituent quarks at intermediate $p_{\rm T}$, are similarly present in the four-particle correlations and the combinations of $v_2\{2\}$ and $v_2\{4\}$. In addition, a particle species dependence of flow fluctuations is observed that could indicate a significant contribution from final state hadronic interactions. The comparison between experimental measurements and CoLBT model calculations, which combine the various physics processes of hydrodynamics, quark coalescence, and jet fragmentation, illustrates their importance over a wide $p_{\rm T}$ range.本文展示了在质心系能量√s_NN=5.02 TeV的铅核-铅核（Pb--Pb）碰撞中，采用多粒子累积量（multiparticle cumulants）对π±、K±、p+$ar{p}$、K_S^0、Λ+$ar{Λ}$、φ、Ξ∓及Ω∓开展椭圆流（elliptic flow）的首次测量结果。基于二粒子累积量（two-particle cumulants）v₂{2}与四粒子累积量（four-particle cumulants）v₂{4}得到的结果，被表示为横动量（transverse momentum, p_T）的函数，并覆盖不同碰撞中心度区间（collision centrality intervals）。结合v₂{2}与v₂{4}的实验数据，我们还首次报道了各类强子的平均椭圆流、椭圆流涨落以及相对椭圆流涨落的测量结果。这些观测量可用于探究初始态的逐事件偏心度涨落，以及膨胀夸克胶子等离子体（quark-gluon plasma）的动力学演化贡献。此前利用双粒子关联（two-particle correlations）对已鉴别强子开展横动量微分各向异性流测量时观测到的特征，即低横动量区间的质量排序以及中间横动量区间随组分夸克（constituent quarks）数目的近似标度行为，在四粒子关联（four-particle correlations）以及v₂{2}与v₂{4}的组合结果中同样存在。此外，我们还观测到椭圆流涨落具有强子种类依赖性，该现象表明末态强相互作用（final state hadronic interactions）可能存在显著贡献。将实验测量结果与结合流体力学、夸克聚合（quark coalescence）及喷注碎裂（jet fragmentation）多种物理过程的CoLBT模型（CoLBT model）计算结果进行对比，证实了该模型在宽泛横动量区间内的有效性。