Scale-Dependent and Anisotropic Cosmic Birefringence: 8.5 σ Isotropic and 4–5 σ Directional Rotation in Planck Polarization Data (v1.1)

Summary This release preserves the original v1.1 dataset and validation package associated with the initial cosmic birefringence detection reported in v1.0. While the scientific description remains unchanged from the primary publication, this version introduced reproducibility materials, validation datasets, and supporting code archives intended to facilitate independent verification of the reported results. Original publication metadata retained. Validation package and reproducibility materials were added on October 20, 2025. We report evidence for a highly significant, scale-dependent, and anisotropic rotation (alpha) of the linear polarization plane in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), derived from Planck 2018 SMICA and NILC component-separated maps over multipoles l = 500–1500. Using linearized EB estimators with a quantitative q-mask (f_sky ≈ 0.467), we measure alpha per multipole band and combine NILC and SMICA results via inverse-variance weighting. We detect a Z = 8.5 σ isotropic rotation in the lowest multipole band, with alpha decreasing from 0.232 degrees ± 0.027 degrees (l = 500–800) to 0.030 degrees ± 0.013 degrees (l = 1100–1500). This constitutes the most significant detection of CMB parity violation to date and the first strong evidence for scale dependence. Crucially, a directional analysis reveals a statistically significant North–South dipole in the mid-multipole range (l = 800–1100), with Δalpha ≈ 2.3 degrees, detected at 4–5 σ independently in both SMICA and NILC. This scale-dependent anisotropy strongly disfavors uniform instrumental miscalibration and supports an anisotropic, cosmological origin, probing parity-violating physics beyond the Standard Model. POST-PUBLICATION STATISTICAL VALIDATION (Oct 18, 2025): Monte Carlo and Bootstrap Variance Calibration The hemispheric dipole results reported in this release have been independently re-evaluated using half-mission cross-spectra and full-pipeline Monte Carlo simulations (50 ΛCDM + noise realizations; Planck 2018 SMICA & NILC; multipole range ℓ = 800–1100; sky fraction ≈ 0.47). The calibrated uncertainties are σ(Δα) ≈ 0.4°, yielding a statistical significance of Z ≈ 4 σ for each map and Z ≈ 5.8 σ combined (Δα ≈ +1.7° ± 0.3°). The preferred dipole axis remains at (ℓ,b) ≈ (2.4°, −62.6°), further confirming the scale-dependent, anisotropic cosmic birefringence. No change has been made to the underlying data or conclusions—only a refinement of the statistical variance model. PUBLICATION RECORD PREDECESSOR PUBLICATION (separate record)1. Sep 20, 2025 (v1.0) -- Harmonic Phase Alignments in Planck 2018 CMB -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.17167268 MAIN RESEARCH SERIESConcept DOI:10.5281/zenodo.173173972. Oct 10, 2025 (v1.0) -- Scale-Dependent Anisotropic Birefringence: Initial Detection -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.173173983. Oct 20, 2025 (v1.1) -- Scale-Dependent Anisotropic Birefringence: Validation Dataset -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.173964284. Oct 21, 2025 (v1.2) -- Two-Harmonic Extension -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.174107645. Oct 28, 2025 (v1.3) -- Two-Harmonic Dipole Verification -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.174689886. Nov 1, 2025 (v1.4) -- MASTER-Calibrated Dipole -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.175007917. Nov 1, 2025 (v1.41) -- Extended MASTER Calibration and Robustness -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.175089088. Nov 7, 2025 (v1.42) -- Dependence-Aware Joint Validation -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.175538299. Nov 8, 2025 (v1.43) -- Phase Model Validation -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1756131310. Nov 8, 2025 (v1.44) -- Axis + Frequency + Half-Mission Validation -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1756176811. Nov 9, 2025 (v1.5) -- Multipole Structure and Model Selection -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1756296512. Nov 9, 2025 (v1.6) -- Phenomenology and Physical Interpretation -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1756619713. Nov 9, 2025 (v1.7) -- Prediction and Experiment Overlays -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1756687014. Nov 9, 2025 (v1.8) -- Model Rejection and Delta-l Persistence -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1756724115. Nov 10, 2025 (v2.0) -- Intrinsic Periodicity in l-space -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1757404816. Nov 10, 2025 (v2.1) -- Physical Origin of Delta-l Modulation -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1757708617. Nov 11, 2025 (v2.2) -- Universe-Model Evaluation -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1758541918. Nov 12, 2025 (v2.3) -- Domain Geometry and Topological Inference -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1759415719. Nov 13, 2025 (v2.4) -- Real-Space Correlation of Birefringence Field -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1759753720. Nov 13, 2025 (v2.5) -- Spectral Surgery on Delta-l ~109 Harmonic -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1760498221. Nov 14, 2025 (v2.6) -- Angular Locality of Delta-l = 109 Standing Wave -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1761334822. Nov 15, 2025 (v2.7) -- Sky-Local Origin of Delta-l ~109 Standing Wave -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1762002923. Nov 15, 2025 (v2.8) -- Domain Topology of Delta-l ~109 Standing Wave -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1762060524. Nov 16, 2025 (v2.9) -- Dual-Domain Coherence and Boundary Geometry -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1762187125. Nov 17, 2025 (v2.10) -- Boundary Sequence Structure on Dual-Domain Loop -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1763581126. Nov 19, 2025 (v2.11) -- Boundary Standing-Wave and Phase-Structure Analysis -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1764803327. Nov 21, 2025 (v2.12) -- Boundary Universality and Standing-Wave Fingerprints -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.1767637728. Nov 23, 2025 (v2.13) -- Interior Propagation and Boundary-Driven Structure -- DOI:10.5281/zenodo.17693540 Contact email: [e-mail] 22 Blue - The Heartbeat of the Universe