Camera-traps and the city: spatiotemporal adaptations of wildlife to urban environments

Urbanisation significantly reshapes ecosystems, affecting biodiversity and profoundly altering wildlife behaviour. Nonetheless, our understanding of the environmental drivers of behavioural changes, as well as the concurrent effects upon interspecific interactions, remain limited. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal adaptations of wildlife to urban environments, with a focus on predator-prey dynamics in response to urban-specific environmental characteristics, adopting a year-round camera-trapping campaign within the metropolitan area of Florence, Italy. Temporal and spatial activity patterns of predators, prey, humans, and domestic animals, as well as their relative overlaps, were quantified, revealing a marked increase in nocturnal behaviour among most wildlife species compared to their conspecifics in rural areas. A wide temporal overlap was recorded between predators and most of their prey (70–93%), yet limited to night hours. Contrary to more natural settings, the effects of m..., , # Camera-traps and the city: spatiotemporal adaptations of wildlife to urban environments. --- We have submitted our raw data (**UrbanDataset.xlsx**). ## Descriptions ### **UrbanDataset.xlsx** * *Date*: date of the event * *MoonPhase*: Moon phase related to the event (1-4) * *Epact*: Epact day (1-29) * *SkyCoverage*: percentage of sky coverage * *Hour*: Solar hour of the event * *Openness*: Openness of the dominant habitat * *NightDay*: Nocturnal (N) or diurnal (D) event * *Site*: Camera trap location * *Year*: Year of the event * *Season*: Astronomical season of the event * *Sps*: Common name of the species recorded in each event * *N_ind*: Number of individuals recorded in the event ,城市化显著重塑生态系统，影响生物多样性并深刻改变野生动物的行为模式。然而，当前学界对行为改变的环境驱动因素，以及其对种间相互作用的同步影响，仍认知有限。本研究于意大利佛罗伦萨大都市区开展了全年的相机陷阱监测（camera-trapping）工作，以此调查野生动物对城市环境的时空适应性，重点关注针对城市特有环境特征的捕食者-猎物动态。 本研究量化了捕食者、猎物、人类及家养动物的时空活动模式及其相对活动重叠度，结果显示，与乡村地区的同类物种相比，多数野生动物类群的夜行性行为显著增加。 研究记录到捕食者与多数猎物之间存在广泛的时间活动重叠（70%–93%），但该重叠仅局限于夜间时段。与更为自然的生境截然不同，城市环境下的……# 相机陷阱与城市：野生动物对城市环境的时空适应性（Camera-traps and the city: spatiotemporal adaptations of wildlife to urban environments.） --- 我们已提交原始数据**UrbanDataset.xlsx**。 ## 数据集说明 ### **UrbanDataset.xlsx** * *事件日期（Date）*：事件发生日期 * *月相（MoonPhase）*：事件发生时的月相（1-4） * *朔望月日数（Epact）*：朔望月当日日期（1-29） * *天空覆盖率（SkyCoverage）*：天空被云覆盖的百分比 * *太阳时刻（Hour）*：事件发生时的太阳时 * *生境开阔度（Openness）*：优势生境的开阔程度 * *昼夜属性（NightDay）*：事件发生于夜间（N）还是日间（D） * *监测点位（Site）*：红外相机布设点位 * *事件年份（Year）*：事件发生年份 * *天文季节（Season）*：事件发生时的天文季节 * *物种通用名（Sps）*：单次事件中记录到的物种通用名称 * *个体数量（N_ind）*：单次事件中记录到的个体数目