Data from: Prevalence, associated factors, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension: findings from a cross sectional study conducted as a part of a community based intervention trial in Surkhet, Mid-western region of Nepal

Background Hypertension is one of the leading public health problems globally. About half of the deaths from cardiovascular diseases were attributed to hypertension in 2008. Reduction of blood pressure to normal range is one of the major challenges in preventing complications and future burden of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study aims to determine prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and its associated factors in Nepal. Methods This was a community based cross-sectional study conducted as a part of a community based intervention trial in Birendranagar Municipality of Surkhet district located at the Mid-western region of Nepal. We enrolled 1159 subjects aged 30 years and above. Out of 12 wards (administrative unit), four wards were selected randomly. Three hundred participants were recruited from each selected ward. Trained enumerator collected socio-demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data using standard STEPS questionnaires. Results Out of all participants, women were 71% and mean age was 47±12.6 years. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 38.9% (95% CI: 36–41.7) while age and sex adjusted prevalence was 40.6%. The hypertension was present in 48.1% (95% CI: 45.2–50.9) of men and 35.2% (95% CI: 32.4–37.9)] of women. Male gender (OR = 1.49), older age (OR = 1.04 per year), Dalit caste (OR = 1.71), past history of cigarettes smoking (OR = 2.78), current alcohol consumption (OR = 1.75), and raised body mass index (OR = 1.17 per unit) were identified as significant factors associated with hypertension. Of total hypertensive respondents, 53.4% (95% CI: 48.7–58) were aware, 29% (95% CI: 24.8–33.1) were receiving treatment for high blood pressure, and 8.2% (95% CI: 5.6–10.7) had controlled blood pressure. The awareness, treatment, and control status were worse in younger participants. Conclusions The study revealed high prevalence with low awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Nepal. Gender, age, ethnicity, smoking, drinking alcohol, and body mass index were associated with hypertension. Immediate public health and individual measures are warranted to reduce future burden of cardiovascular diseases.研究背景 高血压是全球主要公共卫生问题之一。2008年，约半数心血管疾病死亡病例可归因于高血压。将血压控制至正常范围是预防心血管疾病并发症及远期疾病负担的核心挑战之一。因此，本研究旨在明确尼泊尔高血压的患病率、知晓率、治疗率及控制率，以及其相关影响因素。 研究方法 本研究为基于社区的横断面研究，系尼泊尔中西部地区苏尔凯特县比伦德拉纳加尔市社区干预试验的一部分。研究从当地12个行政街区中随机抽取4个，每个街区招募300名参与者，最终共纳入1159名30岁及以上的研究对象。经过培训的调查员采用标准化STEPS调查问卷，收集研究对象的社会人口学特征、人体测量学指标及临床相关数据。 研究结果 本研究纳入的参与者中，女性占比71%，平均年龄为47±12.6岁。高血压总体患病率为38.9%（95%置信区间：36.0~41.7），经年龄与性别校正后的患病率为40.6%。男性高血压患病率为48.1%（95%置信区间：45.2~50.9），女性为35.2%（95%置信区间：32.4~37.9）。分析显示，男性（比值比（Odds Ratio）=1.49）、年龄增长（每增加1岁，OR=1.04）、达利特种姓（OR=1.71）、既往吸烟史（OR=2.78）、当前饮酒（OR=1.75）以及体质量指数升高（每增加1单位，OR=1.17）为高血压发病的显著相关危险因素。在全部高血压患者中，53.4%（95%置信区间：48.7~58.0）知晓自身患病情况，29.0%（95%置信区间：24.8~33.1）接受了降压治疗，仅8.2%（95%置信区间：5.6~10.7）的患者血压得到控制。年轻参与者的高血压知晓率、治疗率及控制率均更低。 研究结论 本研究结果显示，尼泊尔高血压患病率居高不下，但知晓率、治疗率及控制率均处于较低水平。性别、年龄、种族、吸烟、饮酒及体质量指数与高血压发病显著相关。亟需采取针对性公共卫生措施与个体干预手段，以降低心血管疾病的远期疾病负担。