Uptake of metallic nanoparticles containing essential (Cu, Zn and Fe) and non-essential (Ag, Ce and Ti) elements by crops: A meta-analysis

The specific properties of nanoparticles can induce toxic or promoting effects on plant growth. We performed a meta-analysis of 173 studies to evaluate the uptake and accumulation of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) by crops. Studies on the main cereal/vegetable crops (wheat, tomato, bean, maize, rice and cucumber) and Ag, Zn, Ce, Fe, Cu and Ti containing MNPs were mostly found; 63% of the studies used MNPs with size Highlights Uptake of essential elements was significantly higher than that of non-essential elements.Metal accumulations increased with smaller particle size and more negative zeta potential.Non-essential elements (Ag and Ce) are acquired preferably as dissolved metals.Essential elements (Cu, Zn and Fe) are preferably taken up as nanoparticles. Uptake of essential elements was significantly higher than that of non-essential elements. Metal accumulations increased with smaller particle size and more negative zeta potential. Non-essential elements (Ag and Ce) are acquired preferably as dissolved metals. Essential elements (Cu, Zn and Fe) are preferably taken up as nanoparticles.