General Social Survey of the European USSR, April-May 1991

This study of the European Soviet Union (European Russia, Ukraine, Belorussia, Moldavia, and Lithuania), conducted in the months preceding the coup against Mikhail Gorbachev and the breakup of the Soviet Union, was an attempt to gather residents' opinions on aspects of social structure, social stratification, and distributive justice. Respondents were asked to comment on migration, participation in political activities, membership in organizations, use of mass media, judgments about material well-being, confidence in institutions, interest in politics, and attitudes toward the role of women. They also provided information on topics such as smoking, drinking, and religious observances. Demographic variables included in the data cover work history, education, ethnicity, language, military service, household income, and expenditures. The study also measures respondents' attitudes toward a wide variety of products, both Soviet-made and imported, in terms of the actual price of such products and the ideal price according to the respondent.

本研究针对欧洲苏联（包括欧洲俄罗斯、乌克兰、白俄罗斯、摩尔多瓦和立陶宛）地区，在针对米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫政变及苏联解体前夕进行的调查，旨在搜集居民对社会组织结构、社会阶层以及分配正义等方面的观点。受访者被要求就移民、政治参与、组织成员资格、大众媒体的使用、对物质福祉的判断、对机构的信任度、对政治的兴趣以及女性角色认知等方面发表评论。此外，他们还提供了关于吸烟、饮酒和宗教仪式等主题的信息。数据集中包含的统计数据变量涵盖了工作经历、教育背景、民族、语言、军事服役、家庭收入和支出等方面。研究还测量了受访者对各式各样产品（包括苏联制造和进口产品）的态度，这些态度包括产品的实际价格和受访者心目中的理想价格。