Survival and Fructification of Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. in Deforested Areas, Oriximiná, Pará

ABSTRACT This study assessed biological conditions (survival, produtivity, regrowth) and structure of populations of Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) in the proximity to the deforested roadside (Oriximiná, Pará) We studied 441 trees (Diameter at Breast Height – DBH > 10 cm), and collected geographic coordinates, dendrometric data, record of reproductive and biological status and evidence of disturbance and regrowth; 75% of the nut trees was dead. The population structure of survivors Brazil nut tree is aged (DBH average, 159 ± 0.55 cm), with low presence of young tree (DBH < 40 cm, 4.6%). Little over half of the surviving adult nut trees (DBH > 40 cm) showed evidence of fruiting; with an area of crown significantly higher than the non-productive trees. It is recommended the adoption of urgent measures for conservation and reforestation of the population of Brazil nut trees in the study area in accordance with the current environmental law.摘要 本研究以帕拉州奥里希米纳市砍伐迹地路边周边的巴西栗树（Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.）种群为研究对象，评估了其生物学状态（存活状况、结实生产力、更新生长能力）与种群结构特征。本次研究共纳入441株胸径（Diameter at Breast Height，DBH）>10 cm的个体，采集了地理坐标、测树学数据、繁殖与生物学状态记录以及干扰与萌发现象的相关佐证材料；其中75%的受访巴西栗树已死亡。存活个体的种群结构呈现老龄化特征，平均胸径为159±0.55 cm，幼树（胸径<40 cm）占比仅为4.6%，占比极低。在胸径>40 cm的存活成年巴西栗树中，仅略超半数个体存在结实迹象，且其冠幅面积显著高于不结实个体。本研究建议依据现行环境法律法规，针对研究区域内的巴西栗树种群采取紧急保护与造林恢复措施。